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Culturing a bacteria means increasing it's numbers so that you can see its colonies with the naked eye.

This is usually done using a culture medium - (an agar plate of some sort, with either a differential or selective base medium), which is a source of nutrition for the bacteria, allowing them to reproduce and grow in ideal conditions.

The original bacterium is placed on the culture medium using aseptic technique (to avoid contamination), and is then usually incubated inverted.

The bacteria will then reproduce and form colonies, which can then be seen by the naked eye. The colonies' characteristics (shape, colour, margin etc) will then be noted and these details will be used to identify the strain of bacteria present if the bacteria was being cultured for identification purposes.

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