they absorb photons from sunlight
NADP+
Electrons move from Photosystem II to Photosystem I through a series of electron carrier molecules in the thylakoid membrane, known as the electron transport chain. During photosynthesis, light energy is used to transfer electrons along this chain, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. This process is essential for the production of energy-rich molecules in the form of ATP and NADPH.
In Photosystem I (PSI), electrons gain energy primarily from light absorbed by chlorophyll molecules and other pigments. When photons are absorbed, they excite electrons to a higher energy state. These high-energy electrons are then transferred through a series of proteins in the electron transport chain, ultimately contributing to the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH, which is used in the Calvin cycle for synthesizing glucose.
In Photosystem I (PSI), the primary reactants are light energy, water, and electrons, which are derived from the electron transport chain of Photosystem II. The main products of PSI are NADPH, a reduced electron carrier, and ATP, generated through the associated electron transport processes. The light energy absorbed by PSI drives the transfer of electrons, ultimately leading to the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH.
Photosystem 2 transports the electrons from water and oxygen and Hydrogen ions across the Thylakoid membrane. Photosystem 1 produces NADPH with the electrons being added to NADP. ADP is changed to ATP when the Hydrogen ions flow through ATP synthase. I hope this helps! :)
Photosystem 1
they move through an electron transport chain to photosystem 1
NADP+
Photosystem 1
They pass through a series of compounds to photosystem I, losing energy along the way. Photosystem I, like photosystem II, emits high-energy electrons in the light, and the electrons from photosystem II replace these. Photosystem II contains chlorophyll molecules. When a photon (quantum of light) reaches one of these chlorophyll molecules, the light energy activates an electron. This is then passed to the reaction center of the photosystem, where there are two molecules of chlorophyll P680. These pass the electrons to plastoquinone, which, like the chlorophylls, is embedded in the thylakoid membrane. The plastoquinone changes its position within the membrane, and passes the electrons to cytochromes b6 and f. At this stage the electrons part with a significant proportion of their energy, which is used to pump protons (H+) into the thylakoid lumen. These protons will later be used to generate ATP by chemiosmosis. The electrons now pass to plastocyanin, which is outside the membrane on the lumen side. Photosystem I is affected by light in much the same way as photosystem II. Chlorophyll P700 passes an activated electron to ferredoxin, which is in the stroma (the liquid outside the thylakoid). Ferredoxin in turn passes the electrons on, reducing NADP+ to NADPH + H+. Photosystem I accepts electrons from plastocyanin. So, effectively, photosystem II donates electrons to photosystem I, to replace those lost from photosystem I in sunlight. How does photosystem II recover electrons? When it loses an electron, photosystem II becomes an oxidizing agent, and splits water: 2H2O forms 4H+ + 4e- + O2. The electrons return photosystem II to its original state, and the protons add to the H+ concentration in the thylakoid lumen, for later use in chemiosmosis. The oxygen diffuses away.
Electrons move from Photosystem II to Photosystem I through a series of electron carrier molecules in the thylakoid membrane, known as the electron transport chain. During photosynthesis, light energy is used to transfer electrons along this chain, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. This process is essential for the production of energy-rich molecules in the form of ATP and NADPH.
In Photosystem I (PSI), electrons gain energy primarily from light absorbed by chlorophyll molecules and other pigments. When photons are absorbed, they excite electrons to a higher energy state. These high-energy electrons are then transferred through a series of proteins in the electron transport chain, ultimately contributing to the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH, which is used in the Calvin cycle for synthesizing glucose.
They return to Photosystem I
In Photosystem I (PSI), the primary reactants are light energy, water, and electrons, which are derived from the electron transport chain of Photosystem II. The main products of PSI are NADPH, a reduced electron carrier, and ATP, generated through the associated electron transport processes. The light energy absorbed by PSI drives the transfer of electrons, ultimately leading to the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH.
Photosystem 2 transports the electrons from water and oxygen and Hydrogen ions across the Thylakoid membrane. Photosystem 1 produces NADPH with the electrons being added to NADP. ADP is changed to ATP when the Hydrogen ions flow through ATP synthase. I hope this helps! :)
is a cluster of pigments, with a perticular chlorophyl in the center. The energy is absorbed and is then passed to the Hugh energy electrons, NADP will then pick up the electrons and make NADPH
In photosystem 1, the role of the reaction center chlorophyll is to absorb photons and initiate the electron transport chain. It passes excited electrons to an electron acceptor, which then moves them through a series of electron carriers to produce NADPH. This process is essential for the conversion of light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis.