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Lipids reacts with bases to form soap, which is why your hands feel slippery when you get bleach (a strong base) on them. The most common base used in commercial soap making is lye, which has the chemical name sodium hydroxide and the formula NaOH.

In the reaction, the ester functional groups of the lipid release its alcohol portion as glycerol, more commonly known as glycerine. Glycerine is water soluble and is separated from the insoluble sodium salts (soap) also formed in the process.

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