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Where do scientists believe mitochondria and chloroplasts originated?
Some scientists believe that mitochondria and chloroplasts were at one time independent-living bacteria that were engulfed by eukaryotic cells, forming an endosymbiotic relationship. This is because both mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and replicate themselves within the cells in which they occur.
Are both chloroplasts and mitochondria bounded by two membranes?
Yes. The outer membrane is similar to modern eukaryotic membranes, such as the plasma membranes of animals and plants. The inner membrane is similar to modern prokaryotic membranes, found in bacteria. This difference has been taken as one piece of evidence to support the theory of the endosymbiotic origin of these two organelles, i.e. the idea that each of these organelles formed originally from the engulfing of a prokaryotic cell by a eukaryotic one.
Is it true mitochondria and chloroplasts originated in bacteria?
It is thought that chloroplasts and mitochondria were prokaryotic organisms and they were engulfed by a eukaryotic organism and instead of being digested by the cell a symbiotic relationship was formed. this is called endosymbiosis. the first scientist to pioneer this kind of thinking was Mereschkowsky back in 1905. Taking chloroplast as the example, most of the genes from the chloroplast genome have been intergrated into the nulcear genome. Those that are left are conserved in both the chloroplast genome and the cyanobacteria genome. (the cyanobacteria is the prokaryotic organisms that is thought to have been engulfed, thus creating the ancestor to the modern chloroplast). For example, the gene for bacterial cell division is also found in the chloroplast genome. Comparing both the modern chloroplast genome and the modern cyanobacteria genome it is possilbe to see just how many genes that where originally chloroplast based have jumped ship and gone to the nuclear genome. Both animals and plants contain mitochondria but only plants contain chloroplasts. This suggests that the endosymbiotic relationship between the eukaryotic cell and the mitcohondria happen before the animal and plant lines diverged.
The endosymbiotic theory includes all of the following except?
The endosymbiotic theory includes the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by larger cells and developed a symbiotic relationship, leading to modern eukaryotic cells. It does not include the concept of gene flow between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes.
Did mitochondria evolved from engulfed prokaryotes?
Yes, mitochondria are believed to have evolved from engulfed aerobic bacteria that formed a symbiotic relationship with early eukaryotic cells. This theory is known as the endosymbiotic theory and is supported by similarities between mitochondria and modern-day bacteria, such as their own DNA and ability to replicate independently.
How did mitochondria and chloroplasts most likely arise in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts most likely arose in eukaryotic cells through a process called endosymbiosis, where a host cell engulfed a prokaryotic cell. Over time, the prokaryotic cell evolved to become an organelle within the host cell, forming a symbiotic relationship. This theory is supported by the similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts and modern-day bacteria.
Where do scientists believe mitochondria and chloroplasts originated?
Some scientists believe that mitochondria and chloroplasts were at one time independent-living bacteria that were engulfed by eukaryotic cells, forming an endosymbiotic relationship. This is because both mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and replicate themselves within the cells in which they occur.
What theory states that mitochondria and chloroplasts are derived from free-living prokaryotic cells?
The endosymbiotic theory proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by a primitive eukaryotic cell through symbiosis. Over time, these engulfed cells evolved into organelles within the host cell, leading to the development of modern eukaryotic cells.
Which is used as evidence for the idea that multicellular organisms evolved from prokaryotes?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA
How are mitochondria and chloroplasts thought to have been incorporated into eukaryotic cells through the process of endosymbiosis?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have been incorporated into eukaryotic cells through endosymbiosis, a process where a larger cell engulfed smaller prokaryotic cells. Over time, these smaller cells evolved a mutually beneficial relationship with the larger cell, eventually becoming specialized organelles within the eukaryotic cell. This theory is supported by evidence such as the similarities between these organelles and modern-day bacteria, as well as their own DNA and ability to replicate independently within the cell.
Are both chloroplasts and mitochondria bounded by two membranes?
Yes. The outer membrane is similar to modern eukaryotic membranes, such as the plasma membranes of animals and plants. The inner membrane is similar to modern prokaryotic membranes, found in bacteria. This difference has been taken as one piece of evidence to support the theory of the endosymbiotic origin of these two organelles, i.e. the idea that each of these organelles formed originally from the engulfing of a prokaryotic cell by a eukaryotic one.
Is it true mitochondria and chloroplasts originated in bacteria?
It is thought that chloroplasts and mitochondria were prokaryotic organisms and they were engulfed by a eukaryotic organism and instead of being digested by the cell a symbiotic relationship was formed. this is called endosymbiosis. the first scientist to pioneer this kind of thinking was Mereschkowsky back in 1905. Taking chloroplast as the example, most of the genes from the chloroplast genome have been intergrated into the nulcear genome. Those that are left are conserved in both the chloroplast genome and the cyanobacteria genome. (the cyanobacteria is the prokaryotic organisms that is thought to have been engulfed, thus creating the ancestor to the modern chloroplast). For example, the gene for bacterial cell division is also found in the chloroplast genome. Comparing both the modern chloroplast genome and the modern cyanobacteria genome it is possilbe to see just how many genes that where originally chloroplast based have jumped ship and gone to the nuclear genome. Both animals and plants contain mitochondria but only plants contain chloroplasts. This suggests that the endosymbiotic relationship between the eukaryotic cell and the mitcohondria happen before the animal and plant lines diverged.
Which eukaryotic kingdom includes members that are the result of endosymbioses that included an ancient proteobacterium and an ancient cyanobacterium?
In 1905, the Russian biologist C. Mereschkowsky postulated that plastids (e.g., chloroplasts) are the evolutionary descendants of endosymbiotic cyanobacteria-like organisms. In 1927, I. Wallin explicitly postulated that mitochondria likewise evolved from once free-living bacteria. Here, we summarize the history of these endosymbiotic concepts to their modern-day derivative, the "serial endosymbiosis theory", which collectively expound on the origin of eukaryotic cell organelles (plastids, mitochondria) and subsequent endosymbiotic events. ...So either the answer is Plantae or maybe animalia? my bet is Plantae. *edit - Its Plantae :)
Which do chloroplasts and mitochondria have that other organelles lack?
There is a theory that chloroplast and mitochondria were independent organisms. Since they were, they would have their own DNA. And it is true that they do. It is interesting that you get your mitochondria from only your mother. There are many studies have used mtDNA to trace the evolution and migration of human species, including when the common ancestor to modern humans and Neanderthals lived.
The endosymbiotic theory includes all of the following except?
The endosymbiotic theory includes the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by larger cells and developed a symbiotic relationship, leading to modern eukaryotic cells. It does not include the concept of gene flow between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes.
Does an animal mitochondrion contain functional ribosomes?
Yes, chloroplasts, like mitochondria, contain ribosomes.Chloroplasts also contain DNA, and synthesize messenger RNA by transcription. Polypeptides are formed at the ribosomes.These ribosomes are more or less like those of modern prokaryotic cells; this is one of the facts that supports the theory that chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from ancestral free-living prokaryotic organisms.
Did mitochondria evolved from engulfed prokaryotes?
Yes, mitochondria are believed to have evolved from engulfed aerobic bacteria that formed a symbiotic relationship with early eukaryotic cells. This theory is known as the endosymbiotic theory and is supported by similarities between mitochondria and modern-day bacteria, such as their own DNA and ability to replicate independently.
