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When a solute dissolves in a solvent, energy is required to break the intermolecular forces between solute particles, which is an endothermic process. This energy input must be compared to the energy released when new interactions form between the solute and solvent molecules, which is an exothermic process. If the energy released during solvation exceeds the energy required to break the solute's intermolecular forces, the overall process is exothermic and favorable. Conversely, if more energy is required to dissolve the solute than is released, the process is endothermic and may be less favorable.

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