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To convert from grams to atoms, we need 1) the molar mass, 2) The mole ratio between oxygen in water and water itself, and 3) The number of atoms in a mole. The molar mass of water is 18.02 grams/mole (H2O -> 1.01 + 1.01 + 16.00). For every one mole of H2O, there is one mole of oxygen, so that part is easy. The number of atoms in a mole is also known as Avagadro's constant. This number is 6.02x10^23. Now let's put it all together: 18g H2O x 1 mol H2O/18.02g H2O x 1 mol O/1 mol H2O x 6.02x10^23 atoms/1 mol O = 6.0x10^23 atoms (rounded to two significant digets, because the 18g had only 2 sig. figs)

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