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They indicate the reaction with the solvent that the paper is dipped into.

In your experiment you should have had a few different spots on a base line. One spot should be what your unknown group. And other spots should be what you are trying to match it up with. You should then obtain a suitable solvent and dip the paper with the spots into the solvent. The spots on the base line will rise. You then should comapre your unknown group to your other groups and whichever group traveled the same distance as your unknown group you can match this group to your unknown and your unknown is equal to this group.

Sorry If that is confusing. It was confusing for me when I first did it.

See the related link for a good explanation.

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Related Questions

How do you use chromatography to show how many colors were in the solution?

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