We don't know. Note carefully here: I am not saying that I don't know, or even that we at Answers.com don't know, I'm saying it's literally impossible for anyone to know.
2 billion years.
The furthest star would be in the furthest galaxy. [See related question] That is about 12.9 billion light years from us - and probably accelerating away from us. So light would take 12.9 billion years to reach us. This is just the farthest galaxy we know of, considering the universe is bigger than what our cameras can pick up. Considering a common belief is that the universe is infinite.
light years
It isn't even 1 light year. Its 243 light minutes.
No the moon is a piece of the earth that broke off when another planet collided with earth and stayed in orbit with the planet. The moons light is a reflection of the suns light. Stars are gigantic balls of gas that are burning up million, billion light years awhile.
If the estimated size of the universe is correct and that planetary bodies circle most stars then it is approximately 13.5 billion light years away.
The most distant stars we can see (at least in principle) now are almost as old as the Universe; so, about 13 billion years.
2 billion years.
Yes, there are some quasars that are nearly 13 billion light years from the earth.
The UDF 7556 galaxy (one of the galaxies in the HUDF field) is a spiral galaxy 6000 million light-years from Earth in the Fornax constellation, and is 100,000 light-years in diameter, and contains about 100 billion stars.
1.5 billion stars per 1000 light years.
Stars that are no longer in existence, or dead stars, may be still visible in the night sky depending on how far away the star was from earth. Light takes time to travel, so if a star is 50 billion lightyears away from earth, and it died 25 billion years ago, due to the amount of time it takes for the light to reach our eyes, the star's light will still be visible for another 25 billion years.
No, they cannot. All stars but the Sun are light-years away. A light-year is about 10 trillion miles. The only chance of us colliding with a star is 5 billion years into the future, when the Sun runs out of hydrogen and expands.
Yes. Some spiral galaxies are up to 13 billion light-years from Earth.
Yes, there are some lenticular galaxies that are nearly 13 billion light years from the earth.
The NGC 5247 galaxy is a spiral galaxy 60 million light-years from Earth in the Virgo constellation, and is 100,000 light-years in diameter (same size as the Milky Way), and contains about 100 billion stars (same number of stars as the Milky Way). It emitted its light 60 million years ago when the universe was nearly 14 billion years old.
The NGC 5364 galaxy is a spiral galaxy 54.5 million light-years from Earth in the Virgo constellation, and is 100,000 light-years in diameter (same size as the Milky Way), and contains about 100 billion stars (same number of stars as the Milky Way). It emitted its light 54.5 million years ago when the universe was nearly 14 billion years old.