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How many black alleles are in a gene pool?
Your question makes little sense. The allele for cytochrome C is in all human gene pools regardless of population variance. So is the allele for melanin, which has to do with skin tone. ( among other things ) Allele are just different molecular forms of the same gene. These are distributed through out human populations and some populations have a greater frequency of particular alleles. Remember, humans are a '' small '' species genetically, so even with covariance among populations, it would be difficult to find a '' black '' allele. Think sickle cell trait and see how many different types of humans posses this trait.
What does the q represent in hardy-weinberg equation?
It depends on what you make p equal to. P is usually the frequency of the dominant allele, which makes q the frequency of the recessive allele, but they can be switched. As long as p is one frequency and q is the other, the formula will work. So if you have the dominant allele frequency (A) =.6 then the recessive allele frequency (a) =.4, because p+q=1 When you plug the frequencies into the hardy-weinberg equation p^2 +2(p)(q) + (q)^2 = 1 then you have (0.6)^2 + 2(0.4)(0.6) + (0.4)^2 = 1 (0.6)^2 = 0.36 which is the frequency of dominant homozygotes 2(0.4)(0.6)=0.48 which is the frequency of heterozygotes (0.)^2 = 0.16 which is the frequency of recessive homozygotes If you have a population of 100 people, these frequencies would mean that: 36 people would be AA 48 people would be Aa 16 people would be aa Which would mean that 36+48=84 people would exhibit the dominant trait and 16 people would show the recessive trait.
What effect does nonrandom matinghave on the frequency of alleles in a population?
Nonrandom mating means that, for some reason, there is some selection occurring in mating, meaning that some organisms are more desirable to mate with than others. Logically, this is because of some certain characteristic or trait that is more desirable for organisms of the next generation to have. Thus, organisms with this trait or more likely to mate and produce offspring with similar characteristics, altering allele frequency so there are more of the "desirable" allele in the next generation and fewer of the "undesirable," as that allele was not passed on. For example, let's look at a hypothetical population or an imaginary animal. Let's pretend that the females are more attracted to males with brightly coloured feathers than those without pigment, and there are two alleles for the same gene that decide whether or not each organism is brightly coloured or not. Though non-random mating would mean that the allele frequency for each variation stayed the same through the generations, if more females mate with the brightly coloured males, fewer mate with the non-pigmented males. These males die without passing along the allele for non-pigmented feathers, decreasing its frequency. At the same time, the brightly coloured males pass on their allele to many offspring, effectively increasing the allele frequency. This process of choosing a more desirable trait makes rating nonrandom and changes allele frequency.
If a plant has an allele for red flower color and an allele for white flower color then that individual plant is for flower color?
Incomplete dominance which makes intermediate phenotypes.
What makes a dominant allele different from recessive Allie?
A dominant alle masks the expression of the recessive trait in a heterozygous genotype, a recessive allele is the phenotpye expressed is the recessive trait.
What is the frequency of allele a if allele A has a frequency of 0.9?
The sum of the frequencies of all alleles at a point on a chromosome (the locus) must be 1.0. So, if the frequency of A is 0.9, the frequency of a must be 1.0 - 0.9 = 0.1. If you convert frequencies to percentages (multiply by 100), the total percentage of alleles is 100%. Allele A makes up 90%, so allele a must make up 100 - 90 = 10%.
How many black alleles are in a gene pool?
Your question makes little sense. The allele for cytochrome C is in all human gene pools regardless of population variance. So is the allele for melanin, which has to do with skin tone. ( among other things ) Allele are just different molecular forms of the same gene. These are distributed through out human populations and some populations have a greater frequency of particular alleles. Remember, humans are a '' small '' species genetically, so even with covariance among populations, it would be difficult to find a '' black '' allele. Think sickle cell trait and see how many different types of humans posses this trait.
What circumstances that genetic drift occur?
Genetic drift is the fluctuation of allele frequencies in a population due to chance. Chance plays a role in several ways. Copies of alleles can be lost because they never make it into gametes. Another possibility is, if the allele copy makes into a sperm, that sperm isn't the one that fertilizes an egg. Maybe the organism that carries copies of the allele in its gametes fails to find a mate, or is killed before reproducing. These kinds of events can influence the frequency of that alelle in a population, and occurs regardless of any selection for or against that allele. Obviously, the smaller the population, the larger the effect drift has on the allele frequency. For example, consider a population of four organisms. Each has two copies of a particular gene (one on each chromosome). Now, consider a mutation that creates a new allele for that gene, and that it appears on one chromosome of one individual. That allele will have a frequency of 1/8 in that population, so if it is lost, the frequency change will be 1/8. Now imagine a population of eight individuals; the frequency of the new allele would be 1/16, so if it was lost, the change in frequency would be less than in a population of four. It should therefore be easy to see that the effect of genetic drift on allelic frequency change is dramatically less in very large populations. In fact, in an essentially infinite population, genetic drift would have a negligible effect on the frequency of an allele. Another factor that can influence allele frequency, and which is a part of genetic drift is non-random mating. If an organism does not have an equal probability of mating with any other organism in a population, then some alleles will increase or decrease in frequency simply due to that. For instance, if a population exists over a large geographic range, individuals that live closer to each other have a greater probability of mating than those who live far apart. Species who employ reproductive strategies such as leks,where males gather together and compete for the privilege of mating with females are also examples of non-random mating. Lekking increases the effects of drift because it reduces what biologists call the effective population size, or the number of breeding adults. For the above reasons, when population geneticists want to study factors that affect the frequency of an allele (such as natural selection), and they want to minimize the effects of drift, they model populations that are very large (essentially infinite) and assume random mating.
What is the frequency of a transverse wave and can you explain how it is determined?
The frequency of a transverse wave is the number of complete oscillations it makes in a given time period. It is determined by the speed of the wave and the wavelength. The formula to calculate frequency is frequency speed of the wave / wavelength.
What does the q represent in hardy-weinberg equation?
It depends on what you make p equal to. P is usually the frequency of the dominant allele, which makes q the frequency of the recessive allele, but they can be switched. As long as p is one frequency and q is the other, the formula will work. So if you have the dominant allele frequency (A) =.6 then the recessive allele frequency (a) =.4, because p+q=1 When you plug the frequencies into the hardy-weinberg equation p^2 +2(p)(q) + (q)^2 = 1 then you have (0.6)^2 + 2(0.4)(0.6) + (0.4)^2 = 1 (0.6)^2 = 0.36 which is the frequency of dominant homozygotes 2(0.4)(0.6)=0.48 which is the frequency of heterozygotes (0.)^2 = 0.16 which is the frequency of recessive homozygotes If you have a population of 100 people, these frequencies would mean that: 36 people would be AA 48 people would be Aa 16 people would be aa Which would mean that 36+48=84 people would exhibit the dominant trait and 16 people would show the recessive trait.
How will frequency change if you double the amplitude?
Doubling the amplitude of a wave will not change its frequency. Frequency is determined by the number of complete oscillations a wave makes in a given time period, while amplitude refers to the maximum displacement of particles from their rest position.
How can a relationship between populations in an ecosystem and the removal or addition of populations can affect the other populations?
By removing population it makes the ecosystem bad and by adding to the population it makes the ecosystem better
How to find the frequency of a pendulum?
The frequency of a pendulum can be found by dividing the number of swings it makes in a given time period by that time period. The formula for calculating the frequency of a pendulum is: frequency 1 / time period. The time period is the time it takes for the pendulum to complete one full swing back and forth.
How is an allele frequency different than a genotype?
The frequency of an allele is the total number of alleles of that type in a population where as genotype is the alleles present in all individuals in a population. The Hardy-Weinburg principle and its associated equations allow simple calculations of gene frequency. The basic equation is p+q=1: where p and q represent the dominant and recessive alleles. It is also simple to substitute the letters associated with the alleles you are dealing with for p and q. For example: If dealing green versus yellow where green is dominant and yellow is recessive green would be G and yellow would be g. Therefore G+g=1. In this example 40% of the population is yellow or 0.4. This means that g2 = 0.4 and this makes g = 0.63 (rounded off). Therefore 63 percent of the alleles for this trait are for yellow and 37 percent of the alleles in the population are for green. Since G+g=1 we know that 1.0-0.63=0.37 which is G. So 40 percent of the population is gg, it's genotype, but the frequency of the g allele is 63 percent' Likewise 60 percent of the population is GG or Gg but the frequency of G is 37 percent. There is a secondary equation that allows the calculation of percentages of GG and Gg as well with GG at 13.7% of the population and Gg at approximately 46.6% of the population. gg would be at 39.7%
What are two processes through which genetic drift can occur?
Random events in small populations and the founder effect. The first can be just about any thing, but the second is about the emigration of a part of a population to another area/population. These emigrants are not fully representative of the parent populations allele frequency; hence drift.Other causes of genetic drift:1- Changes in allele frequency: Sometimes, there can be random fluctuations in the numbers of alleles in a population. These changes in relative allele frequency, called genetic drift, can either increase or decrease by chance over time.Typically, genetic drift occurs in small populations, where infrequently-occurring alleles face a greater chance of being lost.2- population bottleneck : Genetic drift is common after a population experiences a population bottleneck. A population bottleneck arises when a significant number of individuals in a population die or are otherwise prevented from breeding, resulting in a drastic decrease in the size of the population.3-Distribution: How does the physical distribution of individuals affect a population? A species with a broad distribution rarely has the same genetic makeup over its entire range. For example, individuals in a population living at one end of the range may live at a higher altitude and encounter different climatic conditions than others living at the opposite end at a lower altitude.4- Migration: Migration is the movement of organisms from one location to another. Although it can occur in cyclical patterns (as it does in birds), migration when used in a population genetics context often refers to the movement of individuals into or out of a defined population.5-Random chance
What is frequency of a pendulum?
The frequency of a pendulum is the number of complete oscillations it makes in a given time period, usually measured in hertz (Hz). The frequency is dependent on the length of the pendulum and the acceleration due to gravity. A longer pendulum or higher gravity will result in a higher frequency.
How are you going to determine the frequency of longitudinal wave?
To determine the frequency of a longitudinal wave, you can measure the number of complete oscillations the wave makes in a given time period. This can be done by calculating the cycles per second, which is the frequency of the wave in hertz (Hz). You can also use the wave's wavelength and speed to calculate its frequency using the formula: frequency = speed / wavelength.
