no
During gluconeogenesis in the postabsorptive state, amino acids and lactate are converted to glucose. Amino acids are primarily derived from muscle protein breakdown and can be used as substrates for gluconeogenesis to maintain blood glucose levels. Lactate is another important precursor for glucose production via gluconeogenesis in the liver.
The transition state is not a step in a reaction mechanism; it is a high-energy state that exists at the peak of the reaction potential energy diagram. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is often referred to as the rate-determining step, which has the highest activation energy and determines the overall rate of the reaction.
Nuclear
Extent of the reaction measures how far a reaction will proceed before establishing equilibrium state .
Insulin is the hormone that stimulates lipogenesis, the process where the body converts excess carbohydrates into fat for storage. Insulin promotes the uptake of glucose from the blood into adipose tissue where it can be converted into fatty acids and stored as triglycerides.
Glycogen is not a direct source of glucose during the postabsorptive state, as it first needs to be broken down into glucose through glycogenolysis before it can be released into the bloodstream. Instead, gluconeogenesis from non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids, glycerol, and lactate primarily provides glucose during this state.
During gluconeogenesis in the postabsorptive state, amino acids and lactate are converted to glucose. Amino acids are primarily derived from muscle protein breakdown and can be used as substrates for gluconeogenesis to maintain blood glucose levels. Lactate is another important precursor for glucose production via gluconeogenesis in the liver.
Acetyl-CoA
As widely known, hormones control body metabolism. Although nutritional status and homones profile will influence lipogenesis rate, for simpliticy, insulin action along with glucose availability may be taken as master controlers in lipogenesis. These two factors signal cells by switching on and off AMPk-dependent processes, for exemple: low glucose and insulin levels will activate AMPk, which in turns inhbits energy-requiring processes and stimulates energy-releasing processes - in this case, lipogenesis will be switched off. As widely known, hormones control body metabolism. Although nutritional status and homones profile will influence lipogenesis rate, for simpliticy, insulin action along with glucose availability may be taken as master controlers in lipogenesis. These two factors signal cells by switching on and off AMPk-dependent processes, for exemple: low glucose and insulin levels will activate AMPk, which in turns inhbits energy-requiring processes and stimulates energy-releasing processes - in this case, lipogenesis will be switched off.
Lipogenesis occurs most often during times of excess energy intake, particularly when there is a surplus of carbohydrates. This process is facilitated by insulin, which promotes the conversion of glucose into fatty acids for storage as triglycerides in adipose tissue. Additionally, lipogenesis is more active after meals when blood glucose levels are elevated. Overall, it is a key metabolic pathway for energy storage in the body.
An intermediate state is a stable molecule formed during a chemical reaction, while a transition state is a high-energy, unstable state that exists briefly during the reaction. The intermediate state is a product of the reaction, while the transition state is a point where the reactants are in the process of forming products.
The production of a new fatty acid is called lipogenesis. It is a process where fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, which are precursors derived from carbohydrates and proteins. Lipogenesis occurs mainly in the liver and adipose tissue.
The transition state is not a step in a reaction mechanism; it is a high-energy state that exists at the peak of the reaction potential energy diagram. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is often referred to as the rate-determining step, which has the highest activation energy and determines the overall rate of the reaction.
solid
Nuclear
The enthalpy of a reaction is the sum of the enthalpies of intermediate reaction.
Every reaction in which bonds are broken will have a high energy transition state.