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What is dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphate when we sequence DNA?
They are ddNTPs (ddATP, ddGTP, ddTTP, ddCTP) that also lack a 3' hydroxyl (OH) group in their deoxyribose sugar. This allows them to terminate the complementary nucleotide sequence (forming antiparallel to the template strand) that starts with the oligonucleotide (primer) and continues with dNTPs (deoxynucleoside triphosphate) attached by DNA polymerase. ddNTPs terminate the sequence at different positions which results in sequences of different lengths that each end with a different ddNTP. As these sequences are ran through a capillary electrophoresis gel, they are sorted by length, with the shortest sequence exiting the capillary tube first, and so on. Since each ddNTP is dyed a different color and fluoresces differently, the sequencing machine reads the ddNTP at the end of each sequence, determines its nucleotide (A, G, T, or C), and writes out the sequence one nucleotide at a time. Below is a link to a wonderful interactive animation that teaches about this method of sequencing.
Why might a laboratory be using dideoxy nucleotides?
A laboratory might be using dideoxy nucleotides in DNA sequencing reactions, specifically in the Sanger method. Dideoxy nucleotides lack a 3’ hydroxyl group needed for DNA chain elongation, resulting in termination of DNA synthesis at specific bases. This allows for the determination of the nucleotide sequence of a DNA fragment.
Which cell organelle put amino acids together in a specific sequence to make proteins?
Ribosomes are the cell organelles responsible for putting amino acids together in a specific sequence to make proteins. They can be found both free in the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
What is attached to the tRNA molecule?
A specific amino acid is attached to the tRNA molecule, forming an aminoacyl-tRNA. This attachment occurs at the 3’ end of the tRNA molecule through an ester bond and is catalyzed by the enzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. The amino acid linked to the tRNA is determined by the tRNA's anticodon sequence and is essential for protein synthesis during translation.
What is a sequence that could result from an inversion of the sequence GAGACATT?
An inversion of the sequence GAGACATT could result in the sequence CATTCTC. This is because an inversion would flip the sequence and reverse its order.
What are the differences between the 3 prime and 5 prime ends of a nucleotide sequence?
The 3' end of a nucleotide sequence refers to the end where the sugar molecule has a free hydroxyl group attached to the 3rd carbon atom, while the 5' end refers to the end where the sugar molecule has a phosphate group attached to the 5th carbon atom. These differences in chemical structure affect how nucleotides are linked together in a DNA or RNA molecule.
What are the differences between the 5 prime and 3 prime ends of a nucleotide sequence?
The 5' prime end of a nucleotide sequence refers to the end where the phosphate group is attached to the 5th carbon of the sugar molecule, while the 3' prime end refers to the end where the hydroxyl group is attached to the 3rd carbon of the sugar molecule. This distinction is important for understanding the directionality of DNA and RNA strands during processes like transcription and translation.
What is in 2-10--250-1250?
Without knowing what object the number sequence is attached to there can be no easy answer
What is the significance of the 3 prime hydroxyl group in RNA synthesis?
The 3' prime hydroxyl group in RNA synthesis is important because it allows for the addition of new nucleotides during the formation of the RNA strand. This group provides a site for the attachment of the next nucleotide in the sequence, enabling the RNA polymerase enzyme to continue building the RNA molecule in the correct order.
DNA how do you tell if a DNA strand begins with the 5 prime or the 3 prime?
In a DNA strand, the end carrying the phosphate group on the 5' carbon of the sugar molecule is the 5' end, while the end carrying the hydroxyl group on the 3' carbon is the 3' end. To determine which end is which, start reading the sequence from the end labeled with phosphate (5') and moving towards the end labeled with hydroxyl (3').
What is dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphate when we sequence DNA?
They are ddNTPs (ddATP, ddGTP, ddTTP, ddCTP) that also lack a 3' hydroxyl (OH) group in their deoxyribose sugar. This allows them to terminate the complementary nucleotide sequence (forming antiparallel to the template strand) that starts with the oligonucleotide (primer) and continues with dNTPs (deoxynucleoside triphosphate) attached by DNA polymerase. ddNTPs terminate the sequence at different positions which results in sequences of different lengths that each end with a different ddNTP. As these sequences are ran through a capillary electrophoresis gel, they are sorted by length, with the shortest sequence exiting the capillary tube first, and so on. Since each ddNTP is dyed a different color and fluoresces differently, the sequencing machine reads the ddNTP at the end of each sequence, determines its nucleotide (A, G, T, or C), and writes out the sequence one nucleotide at a time. Below is a link to a wonderful interactive animation that teaches about this method of sequencing.
Why might a laboratory be using dideoxy nucleotides?
A laboratory might be using dideoxy nucleotides in DNA sequencing reactions, specifically in the Sanger method. Dideoxy nucleotides lack a 3’ hydroxyl group needed for DNA chain elongation, resulting in termination of DNA synthesis at specific bases. This allows for the determination of the nucleotide sequence of a DNA fragment.
Why are ddNTPs used for DNA sequencing?
ddNTPs, or dideoxynucleotide triphosphates, are used in DNA sequencing because they lack a 3' hydroxyl group, which prevents further DNA strand elongation when they are incorporated into the growing DNA strand. This allows for the determination of the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA template.
What structure do copied sister chromatids remain attached?
Copied sister chromatids remain attached at the centromere region, which is a specific DNA sequence on the chromosome. The centromere serves as the attachment site for the spindle fibers during cell division, ensuring that each daughter cell receives one copy of the chromatid.
What is the current Mafia Wars job list and loot?
I've attached a few links to aticles that gives you loot guides. Not sure which level you are at, so I've attached the Cuba loot too. The Cuba guide and tips gives sequence of play that works best too.
Which cell organelle put amino acids together in a specific sequence to make proteins?
Ribosomes are the cell organelles responsible for putting amino acids together in a specific sequence to make proteins. They can be found both free in the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
What is attached to the tRNA molecule?
A specific amino acid is attached to the tRNA molecule, forming an aminoacyl-tRNA. This attachment occurs at the 3’ end of the tRNA molecule through an ester bond and is catalyzed by the enzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. The amino acid linked to the tRNA is determined by the tRNA's anticodon sequence and is essential for protein synthesis during translation.
