Shock on a phase wire not on a neutral wire?

Answer 1

That's because the neutral is a grounded conductor.

Answer

The line (not 'phase'!) conductor has a potential of 230 V (Europe) or 120 V (North America) with respect to the neutral, which is earthed (grounded) at the supply panel.

As you are more than likely 'earthed' (or 'grounded') by virtue of standing on it, this means that if you come into contact with a line conductor you will experience a potential difference of 230 V (or 120 V) between your point of contact with that line conductor and your point of contact with the earth, and you will receive a shock.

However, as the neutral conductor is already at, or close to, earth potential, should you come into contact with the neutral conductor, you will experience no (or very little) potential difference, and receive no shock.

Answer 2

A shock on a phase wire is more dangerous because the phase wire carries current at a higher voltage and can cause severe injury or even death. The neutral wire is at a lower voltage and is meant to provide a return path for current, so shocks on the neutral wire are generally less severe. It is important to always exercise caution and follow safety procedures when dealing with electrical systems.