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  1. The locations of the continents has changed (and is continuing to change) due to plate tectonics.
  2. Fold mountains and volcanoes have been formed where different plates have collided with each other (the Himalayan mountains are still growing due to the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates).
  3. New oceans have been formed at divergent boundaries where two plates are moving away from each other (this mechanism formed the Atlantic Ocean and causes the US and Europe to move approximately 2.5 cm further apart every year). This process is also causing the East African Rift valley to form, and may one day create a new ocean there.
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