What are antipodals in botany?

Answer 1

Dendrochronology or tree-ring dating is the scientific method of dating based on the analysis of patterns of tree-rings. Dendrochronology can date the time at which tree rings were formed, in many types of wood, to the exact calendar year. This has three main areas of application: paleoecology, where it is used to determine certain aspects of past ecologies (most prominently climate); Archaeology, where it is used to date old buildings, etc.; and radiocarbon dating, where it is used to calibrate radiocarbon ages (see below).

In some areas of the world, it is possible to date wood back a few thousand years, or even many thousands. In most areas, however, wood can only be dated back several hundred years, if at all. Currently, the maximum for fully anchored chronologies is a little over 11,000 years from present.

Answer 2

Antipodals are one of the three cell types found in the female gametophyte (embryo sac) of flowering plants. They are located opposite the egg cell in the mature embryo sac and play a role in the fertilization process by potentially guiding pollen tube growth. Antipodal cells are usually non-functional after fertilization occurs.