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The Jurassic period lasted from 199 million years ago until 145 million years ago. The average temperature was 3 degrees Celsius (5.4 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than today's average.

Back then, the New World and the Old World were just beginning to split, beginning the formation of the Atlantic Ocean. Europe was a cluster of islands, very close to North America. South America was connected to Africa, but both South America and Africa together were separate from the other continents. Australia and Antarctica were merged together, and barely separated from Africa and South America.

North America and Africa both had savanna climates.

At this time, the dominant plants were conifer trees, and other common plants included cycads, cycadeoids, ferns, and ginkgoes. There were no flowering plants at this time.

The dominant land animals were the dinosaurs. During the Jurassic, they greatly diversified, evolving into sauropods (long necked, herbivorous dinosaurs) such as Brachiosaurus, Diplodocus, Apatosaurus, and Camerasaurus, carnivores such as Allosaurus, and the famous Stegosaurus, as well as the ancestors of the Iguanodontids and hadrosaurs. In the ocean, the dominant animals were plesiosaurs, some with long necks, and others with short necks that looked a lot like giant crocodiles. In the air, there were pterasaurs (flying reptiles). Other animals included smaller reptiles, small mammals, frogs, salamanders, and even the primitive ancestors of birds.

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