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What does mitochondria do and why evidence suggest that they might have descended from free living prokaryotes in the evolutionary past?
Mitochondria are organelles responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration, playing a crucial role in cellular metabolism. Evidence suggesting that they descended from free-living prokaryotes includes their own circular DNA, which resembles bacterial genomes, and their double membrane structure, similar to Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, mitochondria replicate independently of the cell cycle, akin to bacterial reproduction, and they possess ribosomes that are more similar to those of prokaryotes than eukaryotes. These characteristics support the endosymbiotic theory, which posits that ancestral eukaryotic cells engulfed these prokaryotic organisms, leading to a symbiotic relationship.
What is significant about the DNA sequences of key archaebacterial genes?
The DNA sequences of key archaebacterial genes are significant because they contain unique characteristics that set them apart from bacterial and eukaryotic genes. These sequences often exhibit a combination of features from both domains of life, reflecting the evolutionary history of archaea as a distinct group. Studying these sequences can provide insights into the specific adaptations and functions of archaebacteria.
What is different in phenotypes of an individual from those in the same species?
Phenotypes are the characteristics of the genes that are most dominant, and can represent themselves. Species have many different genes for example, you dont have the exact same genes as your best friend, and thus, producing different phenotypes which is why you look different... However, you do have may similar genes that make you part of that species.
Are prokaryotes the first cells?
Yes they were first cells.Eukariyotes arised from those.
Which describes homologous chromosomes in G1?
Homologous chromosomes in G1 phase are two chromosomes, one from each parent, that have similar genetic information but may have different versions of genes (alleles). They have the same genes arranged in the same order along the chromosomes, but they may have different variations of those genes.
One difference between the chromosomes of prokaryotes and those of eukaryotes is that?
prokaryotes have circular chromosomes while eukaryotes have linear chromosomes.
How do the cells of the bacteria differ from those of eukaryotes?
Bacteria are prokaryotes.
Are operons found in eukaryotes?
"False. (I found the answer in my Biology textbook)" Not true. An operon is technically more than one gene sequence that is controlled by a repressor or signal. Recent research into eukaryotic genes, especially those in protists and chordates, have revealed that eukaryotes also have operons, though they are slightly different in complexity to the ones found in prokaryotes, giving rise to the conclusion that operons are more common than expected.
Prokaryotes have what structure necessary for protein synthesis?
Prokaryotes have ribosomes, which are the structures necessary for protein synthesis. Ribosomes are responsible for assembling amino acids into proteins based on the instructions provided by messenger RNA (mRNA).
Are chloroplasts found in prokaryotes?
No, chloroplasts are not found in prokaryotes. Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and some protists, and they are believed to have originated from ancient symbiotic cyanobacteria that were engulfed by a eukaryotic cell. Prokaryotes, such as bacteria, do not have chloroplasts.
What do prokaryotes have that eukaryotes dont have?
Prokaryotes lack a true membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, which are found in eukaryotic cells. Additionally, prokaryotes typically have a single, circular chromosome whereas eukaryotes have multiple linear chromosomes.
How are organsims in the domain archaea different from those in the domain eukarya?
Organisms in the domain Archaea are unicellular prokaryotes without a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, or introns in their genes. They also have unique cell wall components. Eukaryotes in the domain Eukarya, on the other hand, have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, are typically larger and more complex, and can be unicellular or multicellular.
What do eukaryotic cells have thata prokaryotic cells do not?
Eukaryotic cells are much larger in size than prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotes also have organelles, such as the Endoplasmic Reticulum, the Golgi, and mitochondria. Prokaryotes do not have those organelles.
Why the operon is common in prokaryotes not in eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes are small organisms which live in a rapidly changing environment. The most important thing for them is to react in a quick and accurate way to the ever changing conditions. For example a bacterium lived in a place where Glucose was abundant, suddenly it disappeared and only lactose has left. Now it has to switch very fast to lactose usage. The best thing is to turn on all the genes related to lactose at the same time, in order to stay alive. When Glucose comes back all those genes have to be turned off at the same time to avoid waist of energy.Eukaryotes occupy a different Ecological niche; they are more complex and more dependant of each other then Prokaryotes. They do not have to react so fast to environment- they have each other, but they have to make sure that everything is done correctly to prevent large damage to the organism. It means they need very tight supervision on everything or in other words Regulation. Individual promoters give the ability to make a much finer regulation.Also,Unlike prokaryotes, the mRNAs of eukaryotes contain introns which have to be removed and the mRNA modified before it is been translated.
Three differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotic are unicellular animals whereas Eukaryotic are multicellular animals. Prokaryotes don't have any nucleus whereas Eukaryotes have definite nucleus. Prokaryotes have ribsome of 70s whereas Eukaryotes have ribsome of 80s.
In what ways are homologous chromosomes similar to each other?
Homologous chromosomes are similar because they carry the same genes in the same order, although they may have different versions of those genes. They also pair up during meiosis, allowing for genetic recombination.
In what ways are homologous chromosomes similar?
They are similar in size shape , position of centromere and genes .Homologous chromosomes are similar in the pattern they are stained, their lengths, and most importantly they have genes of the for a certain characteristics in the same area.
