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This question is answered by Qurrat-ul-ann Afzal (Pakistan)

Laundry detergents are formulated from six groups of substances :

  • surfactants
  • builders
  • .bleaching agents
  • enzymes
  • fillers
  • other minor additive

SURFACTANTS

  • soaps (anionic)
  • alkylbenzenesulphonate (anionic)
  • ethoxylated fatty alcohols (non-ionic)

BUILDERS

  • Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP)
  • Zeolite A (a sodium aluminum silicate)
  • In most modern P-free detergents, zeolite is used with PCAs (polycarboxylates)
  • NTA (nitrilo triacetic acid)
  • EDTA
  • sodium carbonate

BLEACHING AGENTS

  • sodium perborate an activator is added : e.g. tetra acetylethylene diamine (TAED).

ENZYMES

  • proteases
  • lipases
  • amylases.
  • Catalyse the degradation of

some stains and thus facilitate their elimination.

OTHER COMPONENTS

· enzyme stabilising agents ;

· fluorescent whitening agents

· anti-redeposition agents : cellulose derivatives (such as carboxymethylcellulose)

· anti foams such as silicone

· perfumes

· corrosion inhibitors, such as sodium silicate.

FILLERS

  • Filler products include sodium sulphate in powders, water and solvents in liquids.
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