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The oldest cell fossils are stromatolites, which are layered structures formed by the activity of microbial mats, primarily cyanobacteria. The oldest known stromatolite fossils, dating back about 3.5 billion years, have been found in locations such as Western Australia, specifically in the Pilbara region, and South Africa's Barberton Greenstone Belt. These ancient fossils provide crucial evidence of early life on Earth and its role in shaping the planet's atmosphere.

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