The trends from left to right in a period increase (nuclear charge), and moving down a group decreases (shielding).
On the Periodic Table of elements, electronegativity increases as you move left to right across a period.
carbon (group 14, period 2) hydrogen (group 1, period 1) nitrogen (group 15, period 2) oxygen (group 16, period 2) sulphur (group 16, period 3) halogens (group 17, period 2-5)
Group number 12, period number 4 Transition metal
Calcium is present in period 4. its group no. is 2
Oxygen belongs to group 16 (also known as Group VIA) and period 2 on the periodic table.
Period trends in atomic radii show a decrease across a period due to increasing nuclear charge and more protons pulling electrons closer. Group trends in atomic radii show an increase down a group due to additional energy levels being added, leading to larger atomic size. Electron configuration influences these trends by determining the number of energy levels and electron shielding in an atom, affecting the distance of the outer electrons from the nucleus.
Atomic radius increases down the group. It decreases along a period.
On the Periodic Table of elements, electronegativity increases as you move left to right across a period.
Trends in the properties of elements in a group or period can be explained in terms of the periodicity of their electronic structure. Factors such as the number of electron shells, effective nuclear charge, and valence electron configuration play a key role in determining the physical and chemical properties of elements within the periodic table.
Increase
Carbon is in group 14, period 2
Nitrogen is period 2, group 15. sodium is period 3 group 1, iodine is period5 group 17. mercury is period 6 group 12.
The periodic trends that arise from the arrangement of the periodic table provide chemists with an invaluable tool to quickly predict an element's properties. These trends exist because of the similar atomic structure of the elements within their respective group families or period and the periodic nature of the elements.
nitrogen- group 15; period 2 sodium- group 1; period 3 iodine- group 17; period 5 mercury- group 12; period 6
Sodium is in Group 1 and Period 3 of the periodic table.
carbon (group 14, period 2) hydrogen (group 1, period 1) nitrogen (group 15, period 2) oxygen (group 16, period 2) sulphur (group 16, period 3) halogens (group 17, period 2-5)
Germanium is in period 4 and group 4A or 14.