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What causes edema that occurs during the inflammatory process?
Increased capillary permeability
What is active potential related to in permeability of membrane?
Active potential, often referred to as action potential, is a rapid change in the membrane potential of a neuron or muscle cell that occurs when the membrane becomes permeable to ions, primarily sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+). During the depolarization phase of the action potential, the membrane's permeability to Na+ increases, allowing these ions to flow into the cell, which causes a rapid rise in membrane potential. This is followed by repolarization, where the permeability to K+ increases, allowing K+ to exit the cell, restoring the membrane potential to its resting state. Thus, active potential is closely linked to the dynamic changes in ion permeability of the membrane.
What is the vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells?
Histamine released from mast cells primarily causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability. This leads to the widening of blood vessels, resulting in increased blood flow to the affected area, which contributes to redness and swelling. Additionally, the increased permeability allows proteins and fluids to leak into surrounding tissues, facilitating the inflammatory response. These effects are crucial in the body's response to allergens and infections.
Release of the chemical histamine causes?
Release of histamine causes dilation of blood vessels, increased vascular permeability, and smooth muscle contraction. This can result in symptoms such as itching, redness, swelling, and bronchoconstriction depending on the location of release and the receptors it activates.
Does hypercalcemia cause depression of the nervous system?
Yes, hypercalcemia causes nervous system depression - the opposite of (see below) According to the Human Anatomy and Physiology Textbook by Marieb, hypocalcemia causes neuron excitation and if severe enough, leads to tetany and then paralysis. this is because both serum calcium and intracellular calcium are increased. The reason hypocalcemia causes neuron excitation (contrary to the above logic) is because a decrease in extracellular calcium concentration increases the neuron membrane's permeability to sodium and allows sodium to easily depolarize the neuron's membrane and cause an action potential. Additionally The membrane threshold becomes refractory to depolarization thus many of the symptoms are related to the loss of cell membrane excitability. How extracellular calcium controls sodium membrane permeability is another question.
Why does the permeability of blood vessels increase during acute inflammation?
vasodilation causes increased pressure within the blood vessel which causes gaps within endothelium to form-this allows for the increased permeability.
What causes edema that occurs during the inflammatory process?
Increased capillary permeability
Release of the chemical histamine causes?
Release of histamine causes dilation of blood vessels, increased vascular permeability, and smooth muscle contraction. This can result in symptoms such as itching, redness, swelling, and bronchoconstriction depending on the location of release and the receptors it activates.
What is the Principle of Loudspeaker?
Electric energy cause a membrane to move by turning into mechanical energy. The movement of the membrane causes the air pressure to besequentially increased and rarefied. This "train" of increased and rearefied air pressure propagates into the room, and if it strikes our ear drums we perceive it as sound.
What change takes place in the cell membrane if a signal molecule causes a transport protein to open?
When a signal molecule activates a transport protein on the cell membrane, it undergoes a conformational change that opens a channel or alters its affinity for the molecule it transports. This allows specific substances to move across the membrane, facilitating cellular communication and maintaining homeostasis.
Does hypercalcemia cause depression of the nervous system?
Yes, hypercalcemia causes nervous system depression - the opposite of (see below) According to the Human Anatomy and Physiology Textbook by Marieb, hypocalcemia causes neuron excitation and if severe enough, leads to tetany and then paralysis. this is because both serum calcium and intracellular calcium are increased. The reason hypocalcemia causes neuron excitation (contrary to the above logic) is because a decrease in extracellular calcium concentration increases the neuron membrane's permeability to sodium and allows sodium to easily depolarize the neuron's membrane and cause an action potential. Additionally The membrane threshold becomes refractory to depolarization thus many of the symptoms are related to the loss of cell membrane excitability. How extracellular calcium controls sodium membrane permeability is another question.
What causes water to go back into the earth?
gravity and soil permeability (spaces in between sand particles)
The combining of the neurotransmitter with the muscle membrane receptors causes the membrane to become permeable to sodium ions and blank of the membrane?
The combining of the neurotransmitter with the muscle membrane receptors causes the membrane to become permeable to sodium ions and depolarization of the membrane. This depolarization triggers an action potential that leads to muscle contraction.
Why the double bond in unsaturated fatty acid chain cause bend and what is the effect of that bend on the overall function of lipid?
the double bond causes bending of the lipid because of the cis and trans conformers of the lipid , and the effect of that bending (such as in oleic acid) will make packaging of fatty acids harder.
When hinding of the neurotransmitters with muscle membrane receptors causes the membrane to become permeable to sodium resulting in the influx of sodium ions and what membrane?
action potential of the sarcolemma(the membrane)
What must occur first to trigger the skeletal muscle to generate an action potential and contract?
The correct one is "acetylcholine (ACh) causes temporary permeability to sodium"sodium ions rush into the cell (this is the wrong answer, so I found out the hard way). The correct one is "acetylcholine (ACh) causes temporary permeability to sodium"
Why is selective permeability important?
Selecive permeability is important because it keeps cells functioning properly by letting only wanted molecules (solutes) in and unwanted solutes out. In addition to keeping the "bad stuff" out (e.g. bacteria, viruses), selective permeability is essential to the function of our nervous system. Without it, our neurons would not "fire". This is because selective permeability (think sodium potassium protein pump and active transport that requires ATP), creates a negative membrane potential. At rest potassium ions flow out but the membrane is impermeable to sodium ions. Neuron to neuron signaling occurs when there is a depolarization at an axon that causes the permeability to temporarily "switch" so that potassium and sodium ions can enter the cell. This triggers an action potential which jumps along nerve cells. This action potential is converted into a chemical signal as it triggers a calcium ion influx which in turns triggers the production and transportation of neurotransmitter-vesicles, and exocytosis into the synapse between neurons. Receptors on the adjacent neuron receive the neurotransmitter and the "signal" is communicated onwards. Protein pumps return levels of Na, K and CA to "resting" levels awaiting the next signal. Without selective permeability gradients of Na, K, CA and other ions could not be created to "drive" these and other processes. There is much more that can be said about selective permeability. It allows glycoproteins to sit in the cell membrane and act as antibodies and glycolipids to act as signals on the cell membrane. Proteins embedded in the cell membrane can change shape and respond to feedback loops controlling the influx and efflux of substances and maintaining homeostasis.
