A foreign gene refers to a segment of DNA that originates from a different species and is introduced into the genome of another organism. This is commonly done in genetic engineering to impart new traits, such as pest resistance in crops or improved nutritional content. The incorporation of foreign genes can enhance an organism's characteristics or functionalities, enabling advancements in agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology.
Recombiant DNA
They become abnomal through gene theory or foreign saturation.
Both a gene gun and a virus can be classified as vectors because they are tools used to transfer foreign DNA into a host cell. Gene guns physically deliver DNA into cells through ballistic means, while viruses naturally infect cells and introduce their genetic material.
The host cell will have a repairing mechanism after the introduction of foreign DNA. In order to reduce the chances of the insert plasmid to be repaired and removed, amount of carrier DNA (foreign DNA) are added. By removing the carrier DNA, inserted plasmid will have great opportunity to integrate with the host cell after repairing.
The plasmid that contains foreign DNA is engineered to also carry an antibiotic resistance gene. This antibiotic resistance gene codes for a protein that is able to inactivate an antibiotic thus keeping the cell alive. In the absence of the antibiotic resistance gene, the cells would not survive when exposed to an antibiotic. After transfection (the process of inserting the plasmid carrying the foreign gene into cells), the cells are gown in media containing an antibiotic. Cells that contain the plasmid (and therefore contain the antibiotic resistance gene) are able to survive in this medium. Cells that do not contain the plasmid (and therefore lack the antibiotic resistance gene) do not survive in this medium. The process described above is called selection
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Cloning vectors are used to increase the number of copies of the cloned gene or to amplify a foreign gene. Expression vectors are used to increase the expression of the foreign gene product.
How is a gene not expressed
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Recombiant DNA
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They become abnomal through gene theory or foreign saturation.
The first step is restriction of the cosmid and the foreign DNA with the restriction enzyme, then ligating the fragments together. Thereafter, the cosmids are loaded into the phage capsid, which leads to the expression of the foreign gene through transduction.
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