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Fructose is a hexose, a class of sugars containing 6 carbon atoms. What we typically call 'sugars' are members of a class of compounds scientifically referred to as carbohydrates. All carbohydrates are made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, with a 1:2:1 ratio of C:H:O (Carbon:Hydrogen:Oxygen). Glucose, another commonly used sugar in our diet, is also a hexose. All hexoses have 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms in their molecular formula. Their chemical formula is therefore C6H12O6. What makes hexoses like fructose and glucose different compounds (and sugars with different flavors) is the relative arrangement of those carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Fructose exists in both a ring form and a linear form that are in equilibrium based on the environment of the fructose. For simplicity sake, the linear form of fructose is:

HO - C(H2) - C(=O) - C(OH,H) - C(H,OH) - C(H,OH) - C(H2) - OH

The 6 Cs in the formula above are the 'backbone' of the fructose molecule. The (H2), (=O), and (OH,H) in parentheses indicate hydroxy (OH), hydrogen (H), and carbonyl (=O) groups that extend from the backbone of the molecule.

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