Electron Gain Enthalpy is the amount of Energy released when an isolated gaseous atom accepts an electron to become a monovalent gaseous anion.
For Example:
Atom(gas) +Electron ---->Anion(gas) +Energy(Electron Gain Enthalpy)
The electron gain enthalpy of hydrogen is approximately -72.8 kJ/mol, indicating that it releases energy when gaining an electron. In contrast, the electron gain enthalpy of phosphorus is approximately -78.6 kJ/mol, showing a larger energy release when phosphorus gains an electron due to its higher electronegativity.
Inert gases are the most stable ones, so if we try to add another electron, the stable electronic configuration is disturbed. So, we have supply energy for this process. Hence, electron gain enthalpy is positive.
The elements with the highest ionization enthalpy are helium, neon, and argon. These noble gases have full valence electron shells and are very stable, making it difficult to remove an electron from them.
The second electron gain of an oxygen atom would be expected to be less negative. The reason for this outcome is that the oxygen atom gaining a second electron already has one electron and thus a negative charge. This negative charge repels the second electron to some extent, making the enthalpy of this process less negative than when the first electron was added to the neutral oxygen atom.
it is the energy required for a mole of atom to loose a mole of electron.
Electron affinity is the energy released when an atom gains an electron to form a negative ion, while electron gain enthalpy is the enthalpy change accompanying the addition of an electron to a gaseous atom. Electron affinity is a specific term used in the context of forming an ion, while electron gain enthalpy is a general term for the enthalpy change associated with gaining an electron.
The electron gain enthalpy of hydrogen is approximately -72.8 kJ/mol, indicating that it releases energy when gaining an electron. In contrast, the electron gain enthalpy of phosphorus is approximately -78.6 kJ/mol, showing a larger energy release when phosphorus gains an electron due to its higher electronegativity.
IONIZATION enthalpy is the amount of energy to lose electron from its outer most shell .
Inert gases are the most stable ones, so if we try to add another electron, the stable electronic configuration is disturbed. So, we have supply energy for this process. Hence, electron gain enthalpy is positive.
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Even though Fluorine has the highest electronegativity among all the elements and it should have the highest electron gain enthalpy among all the halogens but this is an exception and chlorine has higher electron gain enthalpy than Fluorine. The reason for this is that the size of Fluorine atom is very small and hence there is very high inter-electronic repulsion among the electrons of fluorine. This makes incoming of another electron not very favourable. Even though fluorine has large negative electron gain enthalpy but for chlorine its even more negative.
The elements with the highest ionization enthalpy are helium, neon, and argon. These noble gases have full valence electron shells and are very stable, making it difficult to remove an electron from them.
Good question. Halogens have their outer electronic configuration as ns2np5 and require only one more electron to gain a stable electronic configuration. So they have a great affinity for electrons and will accept them very easily by releasing energy. So they have the highest electron gain enthalpy.
The enthalpy change for forming sodium chloride from its elements can be calculated using the equation: Enthalpy change = Ionization energy of sodium + Electron affinity of chlorine. Plugging in the values, we get: 496 kJ/mol + (-349 kJ/mol) = 147 kJ/mol. Therefore, the enthalpy change for forming sodium chloride is 147 kJ/mol.
is the amount of energy required to detach an electron from a singly charged negetive ion. X- ------> X + é
Sodium has only one valence electron, and when that is donated to some other atom, the remaining ion has a noble gas configuration that is highly stable. Disrupting that by another ionization requires much energy. Magnesium has two valence electrons; therefore the second is almost as easy to donate as the first. The third ionization enthalpy of magnesium would be very high.
The second electron gain of an oxygen atom would be expected to be less negative. The reason for this outcome is that the oxygen atom gaining a second electron already has one electron and thus a negative charge. This negative charge repels the second electron to some extent, making the enthalpy of this process less negative than when the first electron was added to the neutral oxygen atom.