The sub-solar point is the point on the planet's surface where the Sun is (at some given moment) directly overhead. So it is the place on the planet's surface momentarily closest to the Sun.
However the question asks where the planet is nearest the Sun, so I'd say this means a point in its orbit where it's closest. This is called perihelion (the furthest point from the Sun on an orbit is aphelion). The Earth currently reaches perihelion in early January.
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If one considers the orbiting planet around the Sun, the closest point is called Perihelion. Peri for close and Helion for Sun. The furthest point is the Aphelion.
The astronomical term that literally means "sunstop" is solstice. This refers to the point in the Earth's orbit around the sun when the sun reaches its highest or lowest point in the sky, resulting in the longest or shortest day of the year.
The term used to measure the distance from the equator is "latitude." Latitude is expressed in degrees, ranging from 0° at the equator to 90° at the poles. It indicates how far north or south a location is from the equator.
equator
Declination is an astronomical term that refers to the angle between an object in the sky and the celestial equator, measured in degrees north or south. Latitude, on the other hand, is a geographic coordinate that specifies a position on Earth's surface relative to the equator, also measured in degrees north or south. While both are expressed in degrees and relate to the equator, declination pertains to celestial objects, whereas latitude pertains to locations on Earth.
"Equator" is a common noun because it is a general term used to refer to a specific geographical feature.
The extreme points of an orbit are generically called "apsis", and that's now the preferred term for all bodies. The furthest point in the orbit would be apoapsis, or for the Moon specifically, apolune, though as noted this term is now deprecated. Note that this applies only to orbits. There is no word for the furthest point of the entire journey.
Perihelion = The point in a body's orbit closest to the sun Aphelion = The point in a body's orbit furthest from the sun
The term you are looking for is "distal." It is used in anatomy to describe a body part that is farthest from the point of attachment or origin.
The astronomical term that literally means "sunstop" is solstice. This refers to the point in the Earth's orbit around the sun when the sun reaches its highest or lowest point in the sky, resulting in the longest or shortest day of the year.
The angular distance north or south from the equator of a point on the earth's surface, measured on the meridian of the point.
The closest point to the Sun in a planet's orbit is called perihelion. The furthest point is called aphelion. Phil
Those points on the map of the sky are the "solstices".
Those points on the map of the sky are the "solstices".
Quasar
Relation to, on or in proximity to the equator or the plane of the equator.
Albedo
Valence electrons