Carbonium is synonym to carbocation = carbon atom in a compound that has lost a single electron and therefore bears a positive charge (+1).
Carbanion in the other hand is a carbon atom in a compound that has gained an electron and therefore bears a negative charge (-1)
in sn1 reaction the electrophile leaves the substrate forming a carboncation.afterwards the nucleophile while attack the carboncation and usually recimes may be formed in sn1 reaction depending on whether the carboncation experienced a front of backside attack. in sn2 reaction the departing and attacking proccess occurs at the same time. these is pule rampai from the university of johannesburg
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Carbonium is synonym to carbocation = carbon atom in a compound that has lost a single electron and therefore bears a positive charge (+1). Carbanion in the other hand is a carbon atom in a compound that has gained an electron and therefore bears a negative charge (-1)
An allylic carbocation is a type of carbocation that forms next to a carbon-carbon double bond, while a tertiary carbocation forms on a carbon atom that is attached to three other carbon atoms. The key difference is in their stability, with tertiary carbocations being more stable due to the presence of more alkyl groups, which provide electron-donating effects and help distribute the positive charge.
In SN1 reactions, the key difference between protic and aprotic solvents lies in their ability to stabilize the carbocation intermediate. Protic solvents, such as water or alcohols, can solvate the carbocation through hydrogen bonding, leading to faster reaction rates. Aprotic solvents, like acetone or DMSO, do not have this stabilizing effect, resulting in slower reaction rates.
in sn1 reaction the electrophile leaves the substrate forming a carboncation.afterwards the nucleophile while attack the carboncation and usually recimes may be formed in sn1 reaction depending on whether the carboncation experienced a front of backside attack. in sn2 reaction the departing and attacking proccess occurs at the same time. these is pule rampai from the university of johannesburg
The key differences between the E1 and E2 mechanisms in chemical reactions are: E1 mechanism involves a two-step process where the leaving group leaves first, forming a carbocation intermediate, followed by deprotonation. E2 mechanism is a one-step process where the leaving group is expelled while a proton is abstracted in a concerted manner. E1 reactions are favored in polar protic solvents and with weak nucleophiles, while E2 reactions are favored in polar aprotic solvents and with strong nucleophiles. E1 reactions proceed via a carbocation intermediate, making them prone to rearrangements, while E2 reactions do not involve carbocation formation. Overall, the E1 mechanism is stepwise and involves carbocation intermediates, while the E2 mechanism is concerted and does not involve carbocation formation.
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