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What is the difference between energy investment phase and energy payoff phase?
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∙ 12y ago
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Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
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Where is respiration started?
Respiration has 3 main steps:1. Glycolysis - initial breakdown of glucose2. Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle - complete breakdown of glucose into CO23. Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation - use of energy released duringglucose breakdown to produce ATPGLYCOLYSIS:*the breakdown of glucose to produce 2 molecules of pyruvate*requires breaking bonds*exergonic process, energy is released*each molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) is split into 2 three carbon sugars*during the breakdown of glucose, electrons are released*these electrons are stored in 2 molecules of NADH (reduced coenzyme)*the electrons are released later in the electron transport chain (Step 3)*glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm (does not require mitochondria)*glycolysis requires an investment of energy in order to produce energy*2 ATP used during energy investment phase*4 ATP produced during energy payoff phase*Net: 2 ATP produced during glycolysis per glucose moleculeEquation: C6H12O6 + 2ATP --> 2 pyruvate + 4ATP + 2NADH + 2H2O
What is a payoff table?
A payoff matrix is a decision analysis tool that summarizes pros and cons of a decision in a tabular form. It lists payoffs (negative or positive returns) associated with all possible combinations of alternative actions (under the decision maker's control) and external conditions (not under decision maker's control). Also called payoff table.
How fermentation and respiration similar?
respiration and fermentation both extract energy from food
Total aerobic breakdown of glucose?
Glucose can be broken down by glycogenolysis. Glucose broken down through aerobic respiration is exergonic, meaning no energy is required to jump-start the reaction, and that the products of the reaction have less energy than the reactants. The formula for this reaction is: G6H1206 + 602 -> 6CO2 +6H20+ATP Where 6O2 indicates 6 Oxygen molecules. Three metabolic stages are required for the full breakdown of glucose and acquisition of ATP (energy). First glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate by the use of ten different enzymes. This requires two energy phases: An energy investment phase where two ATP molecules are used, and an energy payoff phase where two NADH molecules are earned and four ATP molecules are also earned. Once one glucose is split into two pyruvates it can enter the Citric Acid Cycle (AKA Krebs Cycle, or the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle) of a mitochondria by a transport protein. The Citric Acid Cycle is where most of the energy from glucose is actually stored. (There are quite a few steps to this phase and it would do any student good to memorize these steps) Release of this energy first requires a conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl Coenzyme A. Conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA is completed via removal of pyruvate's carboxyl group as CO2 respiration, oxidation of the remaining molecule to form acetate by extracting electrons and storing them as NADH, and then lastly an enzyme appropriately named coenzyme A attaches to acetate in an unstable bond. There you have Acetyl Coenzyme A. Once you've got Acteyl Coenzyme A, that's the key to unlocking the door of the Citric Acid Cycle, which is where all the magic happens. So firstly, Acetyl CoA adds part of itself to Oxaloacetate, and produces and altogether different molecule called citrate. So that was Acetyl CoA to Oxaloacetate, losing CoA because that was that unstable bond we mentioened earlier remember? K, secondly, Citrate exchanges one molecule of H2O, water, for another, making it an isomer (remember an isomer can be two molecules with exactly the same formula but different structural makeups). So citrate is now known as Isocitrate. Isocitrate then gets oxidized, meaning he loses a hydrogen molecule to NAD, making another NADH. And once he's been oxidized, Mr. Isocitrate also loses a CO2 molecule. What we've got left now is a no longer Isocitrate, it's an alpha-Ketoglutarate, which goes on to lose ANOTHER CO2 molecule, and oxidized AGAIN, making yet another NADH molecule and then that remainder of a molecule links up with another coenzyme A again to form Succinyl Coenzyme A. Well, Succinyl Coenzyme A doesn't manage to last together very long. Coenzyme A leaves succinyl when a phoshpate group bullies it's way in, and then leaves again, and attaches to GDP to make GTP, (another energy-molecule like ATP). So now after all that we're left with Succinate. What step are we on? Well this is the 5th molecular transformation since Acetyl CoA, and we've got three more to go till we're back full-cycle. So Succinate loses two hydrogens, giving them away to FAD, to make FADH2. Now Succinate has become Fumarate (Step 6). Fumarate snags a water molecule along the way to becoming Malate (Step 7). Malate gets oxidized here pretty quick to complete the cycle all the way and bring us back to Oxaloacetate, and we've gone through eight molecular transformations total. We've three NADH, one FADH2 molecules and one GTP. From the Citric Acid Cycle we move on to the Electron Transport Chain. This mechanism works as a series of proteins numbered I through IV. These proteins contain components for catabolic enzymes to function. These proteins use enzymatic reactions to remove electrons from the electron carrier molecules mentioned above (like FAD, GDP, ADP, and NAD). As electrons are removed, they are scurried over to ATP synthase, to make ATP. Glycolysis yields about 2 ATP. The Citric Acid Cycle yields 2 ATP, but the Electron Transport Chain yields about 32-34 ATP by oxidative phosphorylation of electron carrier molecules.
Can you payoff a mortgage with a primossory note Back by a bond and a set off bond?
Hello, I in fact we also used this financial tool or instrument to pay off two of our mortgages with Washington Mutual Bank and two lines of credit or helocs with them as well. The company that we used was Gateway International Inc.. They seem to be on the up and up and nobody can verify that are not including the FBI of which we checked with, in order to verify our trust in Gateway. We have certified mail receipts and original copies of the notes along with directions for the lender to redeem the notes for cash at the federal reserve. The package looks good to us, Washington Mutual did foreclose on one home and is in process on the other. When we asked the investor what the hell was going on he simply said that he has been through this before and he knows he owns the homes and has addressed the payoffs in his 2007 tax filings and the IRS has been made and is also aware of WaMu double dipping collection policy with its consumer mortgage loans. We are under the assumption that is is illegal to proceed with foreclosure and to take possession of the homes after they had already been paid off in full, almost six months ago. The crime being that WaMu has three days to return the note if they were not going to accept it. They indeed did not, 2nd they re-keyed our home and took possession of six months after accepting payment in full. They never returned the notes to the investor, and they now have been paid in full and have possession. I am looking for a very large settlement when this is all said and done from WaMu. They have trashed our credit and taken our home and have done it to many others as well, google it and see. I would only recommend this plan if nothing else could be done to save or sell your homes. Andrew
Why is glycolysis described as having an investment phase and a payoff phase?
It is described as having an investment and payoff phase because it uses stored ATP and then forms a net increase in ATP.
Person who risks money in hopes of a financial profit?
An investor risks money in search of financial profits. Typically, the riskier the investment the higher the payoff will be for the investor.
What Is A Payoff Phase?
payoff phase
When was Killer's Payoff created?
Killer's Payoff was created in 1958.
When was The Big Payoff created?
The Big Payoff was created in 1962.
When did The Big Payoff end?
The Big Payoff ended in 1962.
Does a buyer need to know what your payoff is?
Need payoff for a loan
What is the duration of The Big Payoff?
The duration of The Big Payoff is 1800.0 seconds.
Line of Credit Payoff?
Line of Credit Payoff When will your line of credit be paid off? Use this calculator to see what it will take to payoff your line of credit, and what you can change to meet your repayment goals.
Where can you find out what the payoff amount is?
Payoff amounts are not usually provided on the monthly loan statement because the amount is calculated on a daily basis. To determine your payoff amount, call your lender and ask them what the current payoff amount is. Ask them if the payoff will change if you want to pay off the loan on a future date (give them the future date and they can calculate the payoff for you).
How many pages does Killer's Payoff have?
"Killer's Payoff" has 304 pages.
Are home solar generators worth the money?
There is a big investment upfront with the generators; however, in the long run it will payoff financially. You must also take into account the benefits of having power, when electricity is out and environmental advantages.
