theses are not called colmns but are called groups of periodic table.the relation between them is that in the Periodic Table the elements are placed in such a way that the the number of electrons in the outermost shell are equal to the group number.
electrons*
Valence electrons are electrons on the outermost shell/orbitals. Sheilding electrons are inner electrons that block valence electrons from protons causing less attraction.
Less valence electrons (1 to 3) in the outermost shell of an atom usually means a good conductor. (silver, cooper, gold). 5 t0 8 valence electrons are found in glass, rubber, ceramic, plastic, non-conductors.
Valence electrons
elements, or atoms, do not have valence numbers, they have valence orbitals (the outermost one) or valence electrons (all the electrons in the outermost orbital). you can look this up anywhere that shows the electron configuration, like your periodic table.
To find the total number of valence electrons in Li2O, we add the valence electrons of lithium (1 valence electron each) to the valence electrons of oxygen (6 valence electrons). So, Li2O has 2 (from Li) + 6 (from O) = 8 valence electrons.
I suppose that a relation doesn't exist.
Noble gases have a full valence shell with 8 electrons, while all other groups typically have fewer valence electrons. Transition metals have varying numbers of valence electrons depending on their position in the periodic table.
hydrogen and helium
The number of valence electrons in an element affects its conductivity by influencing how easily electrons can move through the material. Elements with more valence electrons have higher conductivity because they have more free electrons available for conduction. In contrast, elements with fewer valence electrons have lower conductivity as the movement of electrons is more restricted.
Potassium (K) has 1 valence electron and Bromine (Br) has 7 valence electrons. Therefore, the total number of valence electrons in KBr is 1 (from K) + 7 (from Br) = 8 valence electrons.
electrons*
He has 2 valence electrons. Look on a periodic table. It will show He only has 2 protons and the number of protons and electrons is equal. It is an exception to the rule of group numbers corresponding to valence numbers.
I (if you count the rows) is at the 7th row, so it has 7 valence electrons. The is the same for Br, so there is a total of 14 electrons. :)
The answer is c. Valence electrons are shared between oxygen atoms & D. Four valence eletrons are shared
Valence electrons are electrons on the outermost shell/orbitals. Sheilding electrons are inner electrons that block valence electrons from protons causing less attraction.
In semiconductor materials, the valence band is the highest energy band occupied by electrons, while the conduction band is the next higher energy band that electrons can move into to conduct electricity. The energy gap between the valence and conduction bands determines the conductivity of the semiconductor.