The easiest way to determine the valency of an atom is to locate its place on the periodic table. Generally, it is useful to remember that metals tend to give away valence electrons where non metal atoms tend to obtain them. For example, sodium, a metal, is in group 1 has valency of 1. Sulfur, a non metal, is in group 16 and is 2 electrons away from its stable electron configuration, hence it has valency of 2.
Group number 1 = Valency 1+group number 2 = valency 2+group number 3 = valency 3+group number 4 = valency 4+ and 4- (some cases) group number 5 = valency 3-group number 6 = valency 2-group number 7 = valency 1-group number 8 = valency 0For the transition elements they will either state Copper (III) Sulphate or it will be like Cu2(SO4)3You can find the valency by the base of sulphate and you know its positive because metals are always positive and are written in the left.Source: I am a GCE O Level Sciences Student (O2)
Transition metals
-3 to metals and hydrogen (phophide) +3 in oxo-compounds (phosphite) +5 in oxo-compounds (phosphate)
It is generally called the valence electron as it determines the valency of electrons.
Out of the non-metals you listed, nitrogen (N) is the only one that does not exhibit variable valency. Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) can exhibit variable valency in certain compounds.
Halogens are not like metals. Halogens are elements missing one electron for full valency.
The easiest way to determine the valency of an atom is to locate its place on the periodic table. Generally, it is useful to remember that metals tend to give away valence electrons where non metal atoms tend to obtain them. For example, sodium, a metal, is in group 1 has valency of 1. Sulfur, a non metal, is in group 16 and is 2 electrons away from its stable electron configuration, hence it has valency of 2.
S = +6 valency O = -2 valency
Both are transition metals and have a valency of 2.
Many metals, non-metals and semi-metals have variable valency= Eg= Metals = Iron(2,3) Manganese(2,4) Copper(1,2) Non-Metal = Sulfur(4,6) Carbon(2,4) Phosphorus(3,5) Semi-Metal= Silicon(2,4) Arsenic(3,5) Germanium(2,4)
The valency of a sulfate ion is -2, meaning it has a charge of -2 due to the presence of four oxygen atoms and a sulfur atom. This valency allows the sulfate ion to form compounds with metals and other ions through ionic bonding.
To find the valency number of an element, look at the group number on the periodic table. For main group elements (groups 1, 2, 13-18), the valency is the same as the group number. For transition metals, the valency can vary and is usually determined by the charge of the ion formed by the element.
Group number 1 = Valency 1+group number 2 = valency 2+group number 3 = valency 3+group number 4 = valency 4+ and 4- (some cases) group number 5 = valency 3-group number 6 = valency 2-group number 7 = valency 1-group number 8 = valency 0For the transition elements they will either state Copper (III) Sulphate or it will be like Cu2(SO4)3You can find the valency by the base of sulphate and you know its positive because metals are always positive and are written in the left.Source: I am a GCE O Level Sciences Student (O2)
Generally non-metals gain electrons and form anions.
Alkali metals have one electron in their valency shell whereas halogens have seven. By losing al electron to a halogen, both ions get a full set of electrons in their valency shell.
Transition metals