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What else can I help you with?
What is the purpose of the P site in ribosomes?
Anticodons are attached to the codons on the mRNA.
Where is the initiator tRNA first attached to the mRNA?
The initiator tRNA is first attached at the start codon (AUG) on the mRNA. The anticodon of the initiator tRNA base pairs with the start codon, signaling the beginning of translation.
Which best summarizes the process of protein synthesis?
.........................This is what it is americans.................. 1. an mRNA molecule binds to the small ribosomal subunit at the mRNA biding site. A special tRNA, called initiator tRNA, binds to the start codon (AUG) on mRNA, where translation begins. The tRNA anticodon (UAC) attaches to the mRNA codon (AUG) by pairing between the complementary bases. Besides being the start codon, AUG is also the codon for the amino acid methionine. Thus, methionine is always the first amino acid in a growing polypeptide2. Next, the large ribosomal subunit attaches to the small ribosomal subunit-mRNA complex, creating a functional ribosome. The initiator tRNA, with its amino acid (methionine), fits into the P site of the ribosome.3. The anticodon of another tRNA with its attached amino acid pairs with the second mRNA codon at the A site of the ribosome.4. A component of the large ribosomal subunit catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between methionine, which separates from its tRNA at the P site, and the amino acid carried by the tRNA at the A site.5. After peptide bond formation, the empty tRNA at the P site detaches from the ribosome, and the ribosome shifts the mRNA strand by one codon. The tRNA in the A site bearing the two-peptide protein shifts into the P site, allowing another tRNA with its amino acid to bind to a newly exposed codon at the A site. Steps 3 through 5 occur repeatedly, and the protein lengthens progressively.6. Protein synthesis ends when the ribosome reaches a stop codon at the A site, which causes the completed protein to detach from the final tRNA. When the tRNA vacates the A site, the ribosome splits into its large and small subunits.Read more: List_the_sequence_of_events_that_happens_during_protein_synthesis
The nucleic acid that carries information from the nucleus to the ribosomes?
mRNA: In eukaryotes DNA is transcribed and a chain of RNA nucleotides is produced by RNA polymerase, RNA polymerase moves along the DNA untwisting the double helix and adding nucleotides to a growing RNA molecule. When the RNA polymerase transcribes the terminator sequence transcription stops, the production being the pre-mRNA molecule. The pre-mRNA molecule then undergoes RNA splicing, where via a spliceosome the introns (non-coding segements) are removed and the exons (coding segments) are spliced together; when this is complete the product is a mRNA molecule. The mRNA molecule then exits the nuclear envelope and translation beings; where it attaches to one of the ribosomal (rRNA) subunits. The other subunit is the attachment site for the tRNA molecule, which carries amino acids. The codon (3 nucleotide sequence on the mRNA molecule) finds its complementary pair with the anti-codon, a part of the tRNA molecule. The tRNA molecule first attaches to the A site of the ribosome, moves to the P site, and exits at the E site. The amino acid chain is passed off from the P site to the A site tRNA molecule and so through this process the polypeptide chain is produced. After the polypeptide is produced it undergoes some alterations and additions (adding of sugars, folding, etc.) and is final a fully functioning protein.
What ocurrs during the process of translation?
Translation is process in which the mRNA is read by ribosomes to make protein.The translation completes in these steps: initiation,elongation and termination.Activation of amino acids - amino acid is joined to the correct tRNAInitiation: Initiation Factor (IF-2-GTP) guides the first tRNA (tRNAifmet) to the P site. The large ribosomal subunit then arrives.Elongation:(a)Codon recognition: The second tRNA with amino acid arrives at the A site (guided by Elogation Factor (EF-Tu)(b)Peptide bond formation: A peptide bond is formed between the first and second amino acids.(c)Translocation: The 1st tRNA moves to the E site (and exits) and 2nd tRNA moves to the P site. Now the A site is again available for next tRNA.This process of polypeptide chain elongation continues until a stop codon (the region of base triplet of mRNA where the polypeptide chain is complete and released) is reached.Termination: A release factor binds to the A site. It carries no amino acid but facilitate the release of the polypeptide, the ribosome and tRNA from the mRNA.
What is the purpose of the P site in ribosomes?
Anticodons are attached to the codons on the mRNA.
How many binding sites does a ribosome have?
3, the A P E sites(they stand for something but i for got exactly what except for E for exit) A for amino acids entering, P for the amino acids to join together and E for the transport things to E exit
Translation begins when the initiator tRNA binds to the?
start codon on the mRNA strand. This signals the ribosome to begin assembling the amino acid sequence based on the mRNA instructions.
Where is the initiator tRNA first attached to the mRNA?
The initiator tRNA is first attached at the start codon (AUG) on the mRNA. The anticodon of the initiator tRNA base pairs with the start codon, signaling the beginning of translation.
What happens at the end of translation in the p site?
the amino acids detach from the ribosome
Which best summarizes the process of protein synthesis?
.........................This is what it is americans.................. 1. an mRNA molecule binds to the small ribosomal subunit at the mRNA biding site. A special tRNA, called initiator tRNA, binds to the start codon (AUG) on mRNA, where translation begins. The tRNA anticodon (UAC) attaches to the mRNA codon (AUG) by pairing between the complementary bases. Besides being the start codon, AUG is also the codon for the amino acid methionine. Thus, methionine is always the first amino acid in a growing polypeptide2. Next, the large ribosomal subunit attaches to the small ribosomal subunit-mRNA complex, creating a functional ribosome. The initiator tRNA, with its amino acid (methionine), fits into the P site of the ribosome.3. The anticodon of another tRNA with its attached amino acid pairs with the second mRNA codon at the A site of the ribosome.4. A component of the large ribosomal subunit catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between methionine, which separates from its tRNA at the P site, and the amino acid carried by the tRNA at the A site.5. After peptide bond formation, the empty tRNA at the P site detaches from the ribosome, and the ribosome shifts the mRNA strand by one codon. The tRNA in the A site bearing the two-peptide protein shifts into the P site, allowing another tRNA with its amino acid to bind to a newly exposed codon at the A site. Steps 3 through 5 occur repeatedly, and the protein lengthens progressively.6. Protein synthesis ends when the ribosome reaches a stop codon at the A site, which causes the completed protein to detach from the final tRNA. When the tRNA vacates the A site, the ribosome splits into its large and small subunits.Read more: List_the_sequence_of_events_that_happens_during_protein_synthesis
What is the sequence of events that happens during protein synthesis?
this is what my anatomy & physiology book states...1. an mRNA molecule binds to the small ribosomal subunit at the mRNA biding site. A special tRNA, called initiator tRNA, binds to the start codon (AUG) on mRNA, where translation begins. The tRNA anticodon (UAC) attaches to the mRNA codon (AUG) by pairing between the complementary bases. Besides being the start codon, AUG is also the codon for the amino acid methionine. Thus, methionine is always the first amino acid in a growing polypeptide2. Next, the large ribosomal subunit attaches to the small ribosomal subunit-mRNA complex, creating a functional ribosome. The initiator tRNA, with its amino acid (methionine), fits into the P site of the ribosome.3. The anticodon of another tRNA with its attached amino acid pairs with the second mRNA codon at the A site of the ribosome.4. A component of the large ribosomal subunit catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between methionine, which separates from its tRNA at the P site, and the amino acid carried by the tRNA at the A site.5. After peptide bond formation, the empty tRNA at the P site detaches from the ribosome, and the ribosome shifts the mRNA strand by one codon. The tRNA in the A site bearing the two-peptide protein shifts into the P site, allowing another tRNA with its amino acid to bind to a newly exposed codon at the A site. Steps 3 through 5 occur repeatedly, and the protein lengthens progressively.6. Protein synthesis ends when the ribosome reaches a stop codon at the A site, which causes the completed protein to detach from the final tRNA. When the tRNA vacates the A site, the ribosome splits into its large and small subunits.In your book (probably), the titles it gives are"1: Messenger RNA Production2: Messenger RNA Attaches to a Ribosome3: Transfer RNA Attaches to Messenger RNA4: Protein Production Continues
The large ribosomal unit has binding sites for?
The large ribosomal unit has three binding sites for tRNA molecules: the A site (aminoacyl-tRNA), the P site (peptidyl-tRNA), and the E site (exit site). These sites are crucial for the proper assembly of amino acids into a growing polypeptide chain during translation.
Explain the process of translation and tRNA anticodons?
In short, translation is the process of ribosomes reading mRNA and using tRNA to gather the amino acids specified by the mRNA. The tRNA anticodons are complementary to the codons (three nucleotide sequence that represents an amino acid) on mRNA and allow them to be identified by the ribosome. In detail, translation is the second process of making a protein or polypeptide, the first being transcription. During translation, the mRNA leaves the nucleus and moves to the ribosome, usually located on the Rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum) or in the cytoplasm of the cell. The ribosome consists of two subunits, a large and small one. Initiation factors take the mRNA to the small ribosomal subunit, where other initiation factors move the tRNA to the first codon (three nucleotides sequence that represents a particular amino acid.) Then, the large ribosomal subunit attaches to the small subunit, encasing the mRNA and tRNA. The ribosome contains three distinct areas that the tRNA can occupy in the ribosome: the A site, where tRNA enters and receives the existing amino acid chain, the P site, where it comes in contact with the codons on the mRNA, and the E site, where the tRNA prepares to leave the ribosome. The first tRNA enters the P site and always carries N-formylmethionine (fMet), and all subsequent tRNAs enter the A site, then move to the P site then E site. Since tRNA is reusable and can only carry a particular amino acid, its possesses anticodons that represent the amino acid it carries. The first codon on mRNA is always a 'start' codon AUG (amino acid Methionine.) The ribosome moves down the mRNA and 'reads' each mRNA codon and finds the tRNA with the complementary anticodon (for example, if a codon on mRNA was GGG (Glycine), the complementary tRNA would have an anticodon of CCC and would be carrying the amino acid Glycine.) At the end of the mRNA, a stop signal is read by the ribosome and a release enters the A site instead of tRNA, prompting the ribosome to disassemble and be made available for more mRNA. The stop codons (also known as nonsense codons) are UAA, UAG, and UGA; they do not translate into any amino acid.
The nucleic acid that carries information from the nucleus to the ribosomes?
mRNA: In eukaryotes DNA is transcribed and a chain of RNA nucleotides is produced by RNA polymerase, RNA polymerase moves along the DNA untwisting the double helix and adding nucleotides to a growing RNA molecule. When the RNA polymerase transcribes the terminator sequence transcription stops, the production being the pre-mRNA molecule. The pre-mRNA molecule then undergoes RNA splicing, where via a spliceosome the introns (non-coding segements) are removed and the exons (coding segments) are spliced together; when this is complete the product is a mRNA molecule. The mRNA molecule then exits the nuclear envelope and translation beings; where it attaches to one of the ribosomal (rRNA) subunits. The other subunit is the attachment site for the tRNA molecule, which carries amino acids. The codon (3 nucleotide sequence on the mRNA molecule) finds its complementary pair with the anti-codon, a part of the tRNA molecule. The tRNA molecule first attaches to the A site of the ribosome, moves to the P site, and exits at the E site. The amino acid chain is passed off from the P site to the A site tRNA molecule and so through this process the polypeptide chain is produced. After the polypeptide is produced it undergoes some alterations and additions (adding of sugars, folding, etc.) and is final a fully functioning protein.
How is the message for a protein carried from the nucleus to the ribosomes?
The codes for making proteins are carried from the nucleus to the ribosomes by another type of nucleic acid called ribonucleic acid, or RNA. At the ribosome the RNA's message is translated into a specific protein
What are in biology the steps of translation?
What do we get from Transcription?Processed mRNA (methylated cap, poly-A tail, introns removed, exons rearranged)What else do we need?RibosomestRNAAmino acidsAmino acyl tRNA synthasePeptidyl transferaseWhat are we trying to make?ProteinsHere are the steps for translation, rather briefly:1) Amino acyl tRNA synthase matches amino acids to their respective tRNA molecules.2) Activated tRNA-amino acid complexes are moved to the ribosome (either in the cytoplasm or on the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum). Processed mRNA also moves to the ribosome.3) Ribosome fixes onto the mRNA strand and detects the start codon AUG.4) When it hits AUG, the tRNA coding for Methionine will enter the A site of the ribosome. Here, the tRNA carries out complementary base pairing with the mRNA strand.5) The Met-tRNA moves to the P site. The next codon (3 bps) are read and the appropriate tRNA molecule binds to it in the A site.6) The Met amino acid from the P site then binds to the 2nd amino acid from the A site, catalysed by peptidyl transferase. The first tRNA molecule leaves the ribosome through the E site. The second tRNA molecule moves into the P site.7) The step above is repeated until the ribosome gets to the STOP codon. When this occurs, the ribosome leaves the mRNA strand and the mRNA strand disintegrates. The completed polypeptide chain folds into its secondary, tertiary and quarternary structures and forms proteins and enzymes.
