Ay molecule with a net dipole moment will have dipole -dipole interactions. These are molecules with polar bonds caused by a diference in electronegativity between the atoms being bonded.
Polar molecules are important for van der Waals forces to be effective in bonding. These forces involve the attraction between temporary dipoles created by fluctuations in electron density.
ionic bonding
This compound, called propane, is nonpolar.
The most significant type of intermolecular forces in a liquid sample of fluoroform (CHF3) would be dipole-dipole interactions due to the presence of polar C-F bonds. Fluoroform is a polar molecule with a net dipole moment, so the positive end of one molecule will be attracted to the negative end of another molecule, leading to dipole-dipole interactions.
The major type of attractive force in OBr2 (oxygen dibromide) is dipole-dipole interactions. This molecule has polar covalent bonds due to the significant difference in electronegativity between oxygen and bromine, leading to a dipole moment. Additionally, there may also be London dispersion forces present, but dipole-dipole interactions are the predominant forces due to the molecule's polarity.
PF5 (phosphorus pentafluoride) is a nonpolar molecule. It exhibits van der Waals forces, specifically London dispersion forces, due to the temporary dipoles created by the movement of electrons within the molecule.
Van der Waals forces are the weakest type of chemical bonding. These forces are caused by temporary dipoles created by fluctuations in the electron distribution around an atom or molecule. Van der Waals forces include dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding.
Polar molecules are important for van der Waals forces to be effective in bonding. These forces involve the attraction between temporary dipoles created by fluctuations in electron density.
The molecule CH3Cl has covalent bonds. In all chemical bonds, the type of force involved is electromagnetic.
An iodine molecule is held together by covalent bonds
ionic bonding
All polar molecules exhibit dipole-dipole interactions as intermolecular forces. These forces arise due to the attraction between the partially positive end of one molecule and the partially negative end of another molecule.
In H2, there is a covalent bond between the two hydrogen atoms, which is a type of intramolecular force. This bond is formed when the valence electrons of the hydrogen atoms are shared, creating a stable molecule.
Hexane is a nonpolar molecule, so it forms London dispersion forces (van der Waals forces) between its molecules.
An example of dipole-induced dipole forces is the interaction between a polar molecule, such as water, and a nonpolar molecule, such as nitrogen. The polar molecule induces a temporary dipole in the nonpolar molecule, creating an attractive force between the two molecules. This type of interaction helps explain why some substances can dissolve in water even if they are nonpolar.
The type of intermolecular force present in Br2 is London dispersion forces. These forces are the weakest of the intermolecular forces and result from temporary fluctuations in electron distribution around the molecule, leading to a temporary dipole moment.
Examples of dipole-induced dipole forces include the interaction between a polar molecule (with a permanent dipole moment) and a nonpolar molecule (with an induced dipole moment) or the interaction between a polar molecule and a nonpolar atom. This type of interaction leads to a temporary polarization in the nonpolar molecule or atom due to the presence of the polar molecule, resulting in a weak attractive force between them.