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Coral reefs are either restricted or absent from along the west coast of the Americas, as well as the west coast of Africa. This is due primarily to upwelling and strong cold coastal currents that reduce water temperatures in these areas (Nybakken, 1997). Corals are also restricted from off the coastline of South Asia from Pakistan to Bangladesh (Spalding et al., 2001). They are also restricted along the coast around north-eastern South America and Bangladesh due to the release of vast quantities of freshwater from the Amazon and Ganges Rivers respectively.

Famous coral reefs and reef areas of the world include:

* The Great Barrier Reef - largest coral reef system in the world, Queensland, Australia;

* The Belize Barrier Reef - second largest in the world, Belize, Central America; and

* The Red Sea Coral Reef - located off the coast of Egypt and Saudi Arabia.

* Pulley Ridge - deepest photosynthetic coral reef, Florida

* Many of the numerous reefs found scattered over the Maldives

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