Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot wrote possibly the first text on the scientific analysis of heat engines. He is sometimes referred to as "the father of thermodynamics" for his work on this topic.
A path function in thermodynamics is a function whose value depends on the path taken to reach a particular state. Examples include work and heat. These functions are not solely determined by the initial and final states but also by the process followed.
A neurotransmitter whose function depends on a second messenger is known as a neuromodulator. Neuromodulators can influence the behavior of neurons by affecting processes like signal transduction or synaptic transmission.
1st. Principle-- If two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. 2nd. Principle-- Heat energy and mechanical work are mutually convertible. 3rd.-- It is impossible to construct a mechanical device ( engine) whose sole purpose is to convert all of the heat energy supply to it into equal amount of work. 4th.-- The entropy of a pure crystalline substance at absolute zero temperature is zero
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No cyclic process is possible whose result is the flow of heat out of a heat reservior at one temperature and the flow of an equal quantity of heat into a second reservior at a high temperature.
The statement that there can be no perfect heat engines is declared by the Second Law of Thermodynamics. This law states that it is impossible for any heat engine to have 100% efficiency in converting heat into work.
There were several mathematical ideas which interacted with thermodynamics. By far the most important of these is statistics.Some physicists believe that the Second Law of Thermodynamics is the one physical law of whose validity we can be totally certain, because it is based on statistics.
A path function in thermodynamics is a function whose value depends on the path taken to reach a particular state. Examples include work and heat. These functions are not solely determined by the initial and final states but also by the process followed.
The second law of thermodynamics states that mechanical work can be derived from a body only when that body interacts with another at a lower temperature.---------------------------------------------Answer The laws of thermodynamics have been found to have broader application than the field of thermodynamics. The second law can be stated as: The entropy of an isolated system not in equilibrium will tend to increase over time, approaching a maximum value at equilibrium.- Where entropy can be regarded as randomness or 'chaos'. This application of the second law applies to closed systems, and therefore does not apply to systems that exchange information or energy outside the system. It does not apply to living organisms, as they are not closed systems. The second law applies to macroscopic systems, and therefore does not always apply to microscopic particles. In the field of thermodynamics, it can be stated from the above that the entropy of a thermally isolated macroscopic system never decreases.---------------------------------------------The second law of thermodynamics is:No process is possible whose sole result is the transfer of heat from a body of lower temperature to a body of higher temperature.==========From the pre-merge Expert answer by Hilmar Zonneveld... Confidence votes 60.8K There are many different ways the Second Law can be expressed, all of them equivalent. Here are some:* Useful energy can be converted to unusable energy - not the other way round.* In a closed system, a property called "entropy" can only increase over time - it can never decrease.* The efficiency of a heat engine can never be greater than that of the theoretical Carnot engine.
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If two people have grandparents who were siblings, then their parents are first cousins and they are second cousins.People whose grandparents are siblings are second cousins.
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