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New Zealand is an "active landscape" because it lies on a continental fault line.

Earthquakes and volcanic activity are the result of movement between tectonic plates. These plates constantly move as underground stresses are released through the Earth's crust. The islands of New Zealand are situated over the boundary between the Australian and Pacific tectonic plates. The Pacific "Ring of Fire" is the area where most of the world's seismic activity takes place. It is a ring encircling the Pacific Ocean in a roughly horseshoe shape, beginning at New Zealand, continuing up through the Philippines and Indonesia, through the edge of the eastern Asian countries, then down the western coast of the USA and South America.

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