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Why alcohols are comparatively more soluble in water than hydrocarbons of comparable molecular masses?
Alcohols are more soluble in water than hydrocarbons of comparable molecular masses due to the presence of the hydroxyl (-OH) group, which can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. This polar functional group enhances the ability of alcohols to interact with water, increasing their solubility. In contrast, hydrocarbons are non-polar and do not form such interactions, making them less soluble in polar solvents like water. Additionally, the overall structure of alcohols allows for better integration into the hydrogen-bonding network of water.
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Why are alcohols soluble in polar solvents while hydrocarbons are not?
Alcohols contain a hydroxyl (-OH) group which can form hydrogen bonds with polar solvents, making them soluble. In contrast, hydrocarbons lack these polar functional groups and interactions, leading to poor solubility in polar solvents.
Are alcohols hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that only contain carbon and hydrogen.Alcohols are not hydrocarbons, as they also contain oxygen atoms.To convert a long-chain hydrocarbon into an alcohol, 1st cracking must be carried out, breaking the long-chain into smaller molecules and alkenes (hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon double bonds) and 2ndly the alkenes must be hydrated (at high temperature and pressure in presence of a catalyst).Example:1. Cracking (540°C, catalyst)decane (a hydrocarbon) C10H22 → pentane C5H12 + propene CH2=CH-CH3 + ethene CH2=CH22. Hydration (570°C, 60-70 atm, a catalyst such as phosphoric acid)ethene CH2=CH2 + H2O → ethanol (an alcohol) CH3CH2OH
What accounts for the similar physical properties of alcohols?
The similar physical properties of alcohols are primarily due to their common functional group, the hydroxyl group (-OH), which influences their hydrogen bonding capabilities. This leads to higher boiling and melting points compared to hydrocarbons of similar molecular weight. Additionally, the polarity of the hydroxyl group contributes to their solubility in water, making alcohols generally more hydrophilic than non-polar compounds. These factors collectively result in the characteristic physical properties observed across various alcohols.
Is 2 butanol alkane alkene or alcohol?
2-butanol is an alcohol. Alcohols have a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to a carbon atom in the molecule. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with only single bonds, while alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with a double bond.
1 Why does alcohols have properties intermediate between hydrocarbons and water?
Because the structure is intermediate between water and hydrocarbon. Chemical reactivity is determined by structure. It does what it does because of what it is, it is "kinda like" water it "acts somewhat like water ", it is somewhat like a hydrocarbon it acts like or chemically reacts somewhat like a hydrocarbon.
What hydrocarbons are acids and alcohols?
None - hydrocarbons are chemically different than acids and alcohols
Are alcohols saturated hydrocarbons?
No, alcohols are not saturated hydrocarbons. Alcohols contain a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group, which is not present in saturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons consist only of carbon-carbon single bonds and carbon-hydrogen bonds.
What molecular appendage do all alcohols contain?
an OH group
What is the difference between alochol and oil?
Both alcohols and oil are organic compounds. The hydrocarbons in crude oil are mostly alkanes, cycloalkanes and various aromatic hydrocarbons, and tend not to contain oxygen, nitrogen, etc. Alcohols DO contain oxygen, in the form of the functional -OH alcoholic group. Alcohols are more reactive than the compounds in oil.
Why are alcohols soluble in polar solvents while hydrocarbons are not?
Alcohols contain a hydroxyl (-OH) group which can form hydrogen bonds with polar solvents, making them soluble. In contrast, hydrocarbons lack these polar functional groups and interactions, leading to poor solubility in polar solvents.
Are alcohols hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that only contain carbon and hydrogen.Alcohols are not hydrocarbons, as they also contain oxygen atoms.To convert a long-chain hydrocarbon into an alcohol, 1st cracking must be carried out, breaking the long-chain into smaller molecules and alkenes (hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon double bonds) and 2ndly the alkenes must be hydrated (at high temperature and pressure in presence of a catalyst).Example:1. Cracking (540°C, catalyst)decane (a hydrocarbon) C10H22 → pentane C5H12 + propene CH2=CH-CH3 + ethene CH2=CH22. Hydration (570°C, 60-70 atm, a catalyst such as phosphoric acid)ethene CH2=CH2 + H2O → ethanol (an alcohol) CH3CH2OH
What accounts for the similar physical properties of alcohols?
The similar physical properties of alcohols are primarily due to their common functional group, the hydroxyl group (-OH), which influences their hydrogen bonding capabilities. This leads to higher boiling and melting points compared to hydrocarbons of similar molecular weight. Additionally, the polarity of the hydroxyl group contributes to their solubility in water, making alcohols generally more hydrophilic than non-polar compounds. These factors collectively result in the characteristic physical properties observed across various alcohols.
How many primary alcohols have the molecular formula C5H11OH?
There is only one primary alcohol with the molecular formula C5H11OH, which is pentanol.
Is 2 butanol alkane alkene or alcohol?
2-butanol is an alcohol. Alcohols have a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to a carbon atom in the molecule. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with only single bonds, while alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with a double bond.
1 Why does alcohols have properties intermediate between hydrocarbons and water?
Because the structure is intermediate between water and hydrocarbon. Chemical reactivity is determined by structure. It does what it does because of what it is, it is "kinda like" water it "acts somewhat like water ", it is somewhat like a hydrocarbon it acts like or chemically reacts somewhat like a hydrocarbon.
Why are alkenes from alcohols not used on an industrial scale?
Since alcohols are obtained by hydration of alkenes, it is meaningless to manufacture alkenes from alkanes. Moreover, cracking hydrocarbons is a more effective and economical to make alkenes. Shawkat
Why do alcohols have lower boiling points than the corresponding carboxylic acids?
Alcohols have low power Vander woals bonds.Carboxilic acids have Hydrogen bonds as inter molecular bonds.
