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Bacteria play a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle by facilitating the conversion of nitrogen into various forms that are usable by plants and other organisms. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃), which is then transformed into nitrates (NO₃⁻) by nitrifying bacteria, making it accessible for plant uptake. Additionally, denitrifying bacteria return nitrogen to the atmosphere by converting nitrates back into nitrogen gas, thus completing the cycle. Without these bacterial processes, the availability of nitrogen in ecosystems would be severely limited, impacting plant growth and overall ecosystem health.

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