0
The whole purpose of a virus is to replicate itself, it has no other function. To replicate, it must be able to invade and enter, or attach itself to a host cell from a living organism, like a plant, animal or human. Once attached, it can insert the DNA or RNA that it carries to bind with the cell's DNA and instruct the cell to stop what it normally does and begin to reproduce the virus instead.
The protein coat on the capsid ("shell") of the virus holds the specific proteins that the virus uses to be able to bind with or attach to the host's cell. For example with the A-H1N1/09 Pandemic Swine Flu, the proteins are the Hemagglutinin type (H) and Neuraminidase type (N). The Hemagglutinin aids in the attachment to the host cell for the invasion, the Neuraminidase works to open the host cell to release the newly created virus particles once they are developed. There are about 14 H types and 9 N types, and an influenza strain can have any combination of those. However most human flu strains are in the H 1, 2, or 3 types and N 1, and 2. Other animals have viruses that use more of the protein types such as avian (bird) flu, which is H5N1.
Our immune systems create antibodies that search for foreign invaders and they can use these proteins to identify the virus as foreign. The immune system will then create cells able to destroy the virus. These surface proteins are also mutated by some viruses to make them unidentifiable by the antibodies, and that is what can create a new strain of influenza.
Vaccines need to exactly match the virus to be able to cause our bodies to become immune to that particular strain. So if the virus mutates to have a different structure of surface proteins, the epidemiologists and virologists work with the vaccine producers to create a new vaccine to match the new version of the virus. Each year, these groups study what forms of viruses are circulating world wide and determine what strains need to be included in the vaccine for that year to protect against what is spreading. The Northern Hemisphere uses information from what is being collected during the flu season in the Southern Hemisphere to predict what will move to the Northern Hemisphere in the following flu season up there.
What else can I help you with?
What is mutation results in death called?
Deviation causes death/mutation of cell, bro.
Will a point mutation cause the cell to make an incomplete polypeptide if the mutation results in a stop codon?
Yes, a point mutation will cause the cell to make an incompelete polypeptide chain that is non-functional, if the mutation results in a stop codon. This type of a mutation is also called as the Nonsense Mutation.
A permanent change in a gene or chromosome results in what?
A permanent change in a gene or chromosome results in a mutation. This alteration can affect the structure and function of proteins, potentially leading to changes in an organism's traits or characteristics. Mutations can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral, and they play a crucial role in evolution and genetic diversity. Depending on the nature of the mutation, it can be inherited or occur spontaneously in somatic cells.
Will point mutation CAUSE a cell to make an incomplete polypeptide if the mutation results in a stop codon?
Yes it will.
What are the similarities of a nonsense mutation and a missense mutation?
Both nonsense and missense mutations are point mutations - meaning a single base has been substituted. The difference between the two is that a missense mutation results in an amino acid being replaced with a different amino acid, whereas a nonsense mutation results in a premature stop codon.
What is mutation results in death called?
Deviation causes death/mutation of cell, bro.
Will a point mutation cause the cell to make an incomplete polypeptide if the mutation results in a stop codon?
Yes, a point mutation will cause the cell to make an incompelete polypeptide chain that is non-functional, if the mutation results in a stop codon. This type of a mutation is also called as the Nonsense Mutation.
Which mutation results in a single missing letter in the genetic code?
frameshift mutation: deletion
A point mutation will cause the cell to make an incomplete polypeptide if the mutation results in?
codon
What results in formation of new alleles?
mutation
Cooking an egg alters its appearance due to?
the denaturation of proteins in the egg white and yolk. Heat causes the proteins to unfold, changing their structure and texture. This results in the egg transforming from a liquid into a solid form.
A permanent change in a gene or chromosome results in what?
A permanent change in a gene or chromosome results in a mutation. This alteration can affect the structure and function of proteins, potentially leading to changes in an organism's traits or characteristics. Mutations can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral, and they play a crucial role in evolution and genetic diversity. Depending on the nature of the mutation, it can be inherited or occur spontaneously in somatic cells.
Asexual reproduction results in identical offspring unless what occurs?
Asexual reproduction results in identical offspring unless mutation or genetic recombination occurs, introducing variation among the offspring.
Will point mutation CAUSE a cell to make an incomplete polypeptide if the mutation results in a stop codon?
Yes it will.
The deletion or addition of one or more nucleotides in a strand of DNA produces?
A frameshift mutation, which can lead to a shift in the reading frame of the genetic code. This alters how the genetic information is translated into proteins, potentially causing significant changes in the resulting protein's structure and function.
What chromosomal mutation results in alagille syndrome?
translocation
What results in a regular size protein that is misshapen?
Missense mutation
