Either you are unlucky or you buying cheap bulbs.
No, it is not recommended to use a 100 watt CFL in a fixture that specifies a maximum of 25 incandescent watts. CFL bulbs have different wattage equivalencies compared to incandescent bulbs, so you should use a CFL bulb that is equivalent to or lower than the specified incandescent wattage for the fixture. Using a higher wattage CFL bulb can cause overheating and potentially pose a fire hazard.
If the fixture was the exact same, and one held a single bulb and one held a double bulb then NO. The light given off bulbs is marked as wattage when you look at the package. So a 100w bulb has less light than two 75w bulbs together, because the two equal 150w.
Yes. The rating of bulb fixtures is there to discourage people from using bulbs that create too much heat. Obviously, a 75 watt bulb will produce less heat than a 150 watt bulb so it's quite safe to use the smaller bulb. If you overheat a lighting fixture you can cause premature failure and possibly even a fire.
You talk about tubes specifically so I assume the 60 watt fixture is also designed for tubes. In such a case you should not use a higher wattage tube. If you were to replace a 60 watt incandescent bulb with a compact florescent of 75 watts you are correct that the heat would be less. If heat were the only de-rating factor you would probably be okay. Not sure how this is handled in the code.
Two thoughts here, one the fixture should be rated at the maximum wattage allowed for the socket the bulb screws into. A label should state "maximum wattage allowed". To do a calculation Watts = Amps x Volts. Amps = Watts/Volts. 5 x 60 watts = 300 watts. 300/120 = 2.5 amps. The electrical code only rates down to #14 wire which is rated at 15 amps. From here you have to make the decision.
I cannot tell you as this will vary from brand to brand of LED lightbulbs. Look on the package for the "equivalent wattage" rating and buy bulbs rated at 60W equivalent. You should not need to change the fixture, just put LED lightbulbs in the one you already have.
Typical house wiring at light bulbs is 115 volts. That voltage will not jump through even humid air very far, the most you would get is a fraction of a milimeter.
It would be a fixture.
I do not know of a specific code in the United States. However, a flourescent fixture should be covered if breaking a bulb would create serious problems, such as in a kitchen, a place where children play, etc. In lieu of covering the whole fixture they manufacture tubes that cover the bulbs themselves for the same purpose.
In a series circuit, the current passing through each component, like the light bulbs, is the same. This means that both light bulbs would have the same current flowing through them. If one light bulb were to burn out, current flow through both bulbs would stop.
To install bathroom lighting, one would need the fixture, light bulbs, a drywall saw, and electrical wiring. And always turn off electricity before doing a DIY project like this!
How did you want to switch on the bulbs? If there isn't a separate circuit already running from the switch, through the wall, and to the chandelier, then you'd have buy pull chain switches. The chandelier would have to have holes drilled to mount the switches. The load wire from the house would be wired to the load side of each switch. Then two bulbs to one switch and three bulbs to the other switch. All the neutrals would tie together to the neutral from the house. I would HIGHLY recommend just purchasing a dimmer switch from your local hardware or home center. You could easily change the switch in the wall to a dimmer switch and have a lot more control over the illumination, and it wouldn't look like you have burned out light bulbs in your fixture. You can rewire a 5-bulb light for a 3-2 switch in a couple of other ways. Remove the light from the ceiling, open the lamp wiring and divide the selected 3 and 3-light sets. All of the neutral wires stay together (usually wired to the screw shell of the lamp holders). Add a 3-way switch in the fixture (e.g., off, 3-on, 5-on, or off, 2-on, 5-on) or bring each group of 3 and 2 hot wires out to separate wall switches. Switch 1 is 2 bulbs, switch 2 is the other 3 bulbs, and switch 1 and 2 together is all 5 bulbs. Or you can put all or some of them on dimmers.
A few months. You'll have to do the calculations by yourself, for your case - both the cost of light bulbs and the cost of electricity may vary depending on the region. Assume that the low-energy light bulbs use about half, or one third, of the old-style incandescente light bulbs.
No, it is not recommended to use a 100 watt CFL in a fixture that specifies a maximum of 25 incandescent watts. CFL bulbs have different wattage equivalencies compared to incandescent bulbs, so you should use a CFL bulb that is equivalent to or lower than the specified incandescent wattage for the fixture. Using a higher wattage CFL bulb can cause overheating and potentially pose a fire hazard.
Ordinary household light bulbs, or incandescent bulbs, are made with a tungsten filament that glows when electricity passes through it. The filaments need to be in a vacuum because if they are exposed to air they would oxidize, or rust, very quickly and would not provide light for a very long time. In other words they would burn out too fast.
No, is considered a fixture.
That would depend on the fixture units each fixture has and the developed length of the vent piping