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Athens was known for encouraging new ideas, particularly in the realms of philosophy, art, and democracy. It fostered an environment where thinkers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle could explore and express innovative concepts. In contrast, Sparta emphasized discipline, military prowess, and conformity, valuing tradition over innovation. As a result, while Athens thrived on intellectual and cultural advancements, Sparta maintained a more rigid societal structure.

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