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rip version 1 is classfull routing protocol. in classfull routing protocol is not able to carry its subnet mask whatever the ip belong from a class. it wil take its by default subnet mask.if the ip address belong to class b and the subnet mask is published as /28. in classless routing protocol this ip address would be displayed as /16 not like /28
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What is the Montreal protocal?
Montreal protocol is an international agreement whose aim is preservation of earth’s ozone layer through controlling, reducing, and eventually eliminating usage of substances that deplete ozone layer known as Ozone Depleting Substances. Due to be discussed to protocol was adopted on 16th September 1987 to come into force on 1st January 1989, it is one of the most important international instrument in the field of environmental conservation. Objectives and Purpose The main goal of the Montreal Protocol is to phase out and phase down ozone-depleting substances which are compounds that have negatively impacted the sky’s protective shield known as the ozone layer that shields living organisms from cancer-causing UV light. The protocol focuses on seven categories of substances, namely chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform that were used in the sectors of refrigeration and air conditioning systems, fire protection and firefighting, and as solvents. Key Provisions Phase-Out Schedules: The protocol entails clear time lines regarding step by step reduction, and the elimination of ODS. First, planning was done on CFCs and other important chemicals, and then the targets were revised to speed up the phase out programs. Adjustments and Amendments: Substances which have been featured in the list have been added and the measures put in place by the protocol have been made stricter over the past years. For instance, the 1990 London Amendment as well as the 1992 Copenhagen Amendment introduced new substances under control and adjusted time lines for their phase out. Financial Mechanism: Multilateral Fund was created to help the developing nations to discharge their obligations as stipulated by the Montreal Protocol. This fund offers monetary and analytical assistance for the shift to environmentally sound substitutes. Impact and Success In fact, the Montreal Protocol is considered to be one of the most successful environmental treaties. It has been understood to have resulted to substantial reduction in ODS emission into the atmosphere and this has been helping bring about the slow healing of the depleted ozone layer. Scientific studies indicate that the presented protocol may help recharge the damaged ozone layer to levels recorded before 1980 by mid of the third millennium. In this context, the Montreal Protocol is an outstanding example of successful international cooperation in combating environmental problems and can become an example for future similar agreements for addressing the global issue.
What is the difference between server operating system and network operating system?
client os normally does not give high priority to security while a server does....... similarly client supports applications like spreadsheet that we normally use while a server supports applications like email and web............
What is IOT Engineering?
IoT (Internet of Things) Engineering involves designing, developing, and managing systems where devices connect and communicate over the internet. IoT engineers create smart solutions for industries like healthcare, agriculture, and home automation by integrating sensors, software, and networking. They focus on embedded systems, cloud computing, and data analytics to enable seamless data exchange between devices. In 2024, IoT Engineering is advancing with edge computing and AI-driven automation, allowing real-time data processing and decision-making. These innovations enable businesses to operate more efficiently, offering enhanced connectivity and smarter, data-driven systems across various sectors.
Explain the effect ot the command ip classless on both classfull and classless routing protocol?
if a protocol is only classfull(RIPv1, IGRP) the command will have no effect, but in protocols that support vlsm and classless ip adressing it will enable the protocol to send the subnet mask in it's packets so that a router would not recognize only class networks, but also their subnets.
For ripv1 what type of routing protocol is it?
RIP v1 is a classfull distance vector protocol.It send and receive v1 informations only
What classfull range would the following IP address be in 191.255.0.1?
lbjk
No of host in class A?
The number of hosts in a classfull class A network with no subnetting is 16,777,214
What the difference between protocol stack and protocol suite?
- In your own words, define the term 'protocol' and what is the difference between protocol and protocol suite
What is most familiar protocol to you?
There are various protocols ftp: file transfer protocol smtp: simple mail transfer protocol pop3: post office protocol ip: internet protocol tcp: transmission control protocol ospf: open shortest path first igrp: interior gateway routing protocol eigrp: enhanced interior gateway routing protocol rip: routing information protocol http: hyper text transfer protocol udp: user datagram protocol icmp: internet control message protocol
Is HTML protocol or not?
HTML is a protocol
Which term describes a specific set rules determine the formatting of messages and the process of encapsulation used tp forward data?
The answer is Protocol's. Protocol is the set of rules for formatting the data across the network.
What has a set of rules that defines how pages transfer on the Internet?
A set of rules used for transferring data over the Internet is called a "protocol".Hypertext transfer protocol, HTTP.
What is a hypertext protocol?
A hypertext protocol is a protocol relating to hypertext. The most well-known hypertext-related protocol would be the Hypertext Transfer Protocol, which is used to transfer hypertext from one machine to another.
What is random protocol?
a protocol that's ramdom.
What is PPP protocol?
Point-to-Point Protocol
