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Marcello Malpighi

[b. Crevalcore (Italy), March 10, 1628, d. Rome, December 30, 1694]

A pioneer in the use of the recently invented microscope, Malpighi located the capillaries that carry blood from the arteries to the veins. He also identified sensory receptors (papillae) of the tongue and skin and capsules of the kidney and spleen. He showed that there is no such thing as black bile, which since ancient times had been believed to be one of the four humors (fluids) of the human body, together with yellow bile, blood, and phlegm.

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