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Which scientists postulated that the sharp lines in the emission spectra of elements are caused by electrons moving from high energy levels to low energy levels?
Niels Bohr proposed this model in 1913. His model of the atom suggested that electrons occupy specific energy levels and emit or absorb energy in quanta when they move between these levels, corresponding to the sharp lines observed in the emission spectra of elements.
If you shoot very high energy electrons at a metal target can you can make X-rays?
Yes, when high energy electrons are shot at a metal target, they can knock inner-shell electrons out of their orbits. As outer-shell electrons fall back to fill these vacancies, they release energy in the form of X-rays due to the difference in energy levels between shells. This process is known as Bremsstrahlung radiation.
Why do high-energy electrons need carrier molecules?
High-energy electrons are unstable and reactive, so they need carrier molecules to transport them safely without causing damage to the cell. Carrier molecules such as NADH and FADH2 can carry high-energy electrons during cellular respiration, allowing them to participate in energy-producing reactions without causing harm.
What determines if electrons are ejected from the surface?
The ejection of electrons from a surface is determined by the energy of the incoming photons or particles. If the energy is high enough, it can overcome the binding energy of the electrons in the material, causing them to be ejected.
What is the direction of motion of electrons?
Electrons move in a random direction within an atom due to their high speed and energy levels. In a conductor, electrons move in response to an applied electric field, flowing from the negative terminal to the positive terminal of a voltage source.
A high-energy electron from the necleus?
The electrons with the highest energy are an atom's valence electrons. These are the electrons in the outermost energy level, or valence shell, which is the part of an atom that participates in a chemical reaction.
What is the source of atomic emission spectra?
In an atom of any element there are electrons in the valence shell . Each shell has a fixed no of sub shells that are characterized by specific quantum nos. So this holds true for the valence shell also . Depending on the distance of the valence electrons from the nucleus and its electro static effect on the valence electrons these valence electrons absorb energy from any high energy source that comes in its proximity. Now the entire atom has become a high energy species but by the law of thermodynamics(and nature )every body in the universe tends to have minimum energy and achieve stability. So these high energy electrons tend to emit the absorbed energy and come back to a lower energy state for maximum stability .In the process the emitted energy is observed as spectral lines in a spectrometer .These spetral lines together form what we call as emission spectrum
What do electrons that occupy high energy levels have more of?
They have more speed.
How are electrons structured in an atom?
Electrons are structured in specific energy levels or electron shells around the nucleus of an atom. These energy levels can hold a specific number of electrons, with the innermost shell able to hold up to 2 electrons and subsequent shells having higher capacities. Electrons in an atom occupy the lowest possible energy levels before filling higher-energy levels.
Which Atom has a fool outermost energy level containing only two electrons?
Since its only the high-energy electrons that participate in a ... Two different elements have similar chemical properties when they have the same number of valence electrons in their outermost energy level.
What are the electrons that have high energy levels and are loose in an atom?
conduction band electrons detach themselves from atoms and become delocalized
Why in intrinsic semiconductors do you need to apply very high potential to transfer electrons from the valence band to the conduction band?
Semiconductors, in the absence of applied electric fields, act a lot like insulators. In these materials, the conduction band and the valence band do not overlap. That's why they insulate. And that's why you have to apply some serious voltage to them to shove the valence electrons across the gap between the valence and conduction bands of these semiconductor materials. Remember that in insulators, there is a "band gap" between the lowest Fermi energy level necessary to support conduction and the highest Fermi energy level of the valence electrons. Same with the semi's. In metals, the conduction band overlaps the valence band Fermi energy levels. Zap! Conductivity.
What subatomic particle has the most kinetic energy?
In general, electrons are typically the subatomic particles with the most kinetic energy due to their small size and high speed when moving.
Which electrons have the most energy in a atom?
Potential energy. Potential energy = mass * gravitational constant * height As you see, the further the electron is from the nucleus ( how " high " it is ) the more energy it contains. So, that would be the outer valance electron(s).
Do an atom's valence electron have high or low energy?
Valence electrons generally have higher energy compared to core electrons because they are located in the outermost shell of an atom and are involved in chemical bonding. Their higher energy allows them to be more easily lost or shared during chemical reactions. This makes them crucial for determining an atom's reactivity and the types of bonds it can form.
Each electron shell in an atom contains?
they contain electrons, which are negatively charged and revolve at high speed around the nucleus of an atom. the first shell (the one nearest to the nucleus) can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. the second shell can hold a maximun of 8 electrons. If there any remaining electrons they will go on the third shell. the third shell can hold a maximum of 18 electrons. the shells closest to the nucleus (inner shells) must contain their maximum number of electrons before attempting to fill the energy levels to a higher energy.
Why does silicon have such a high resistivity?
Silicon has a high resistivity because its outer valence electrons are tightly bound to the nucleus, making it a poor conductor of electricity. Additionally, the band gap of silicon is relatively wide, so it requires more energy for electrons to move from the valence band to the conduction band, further increasing its resistivity.
