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How is raoult's law used in determining the molecular weight of a non-volatile solute?
Ostwald and Walker method: The apparatus used is shown in Fig. It consists of two sets
of bulbs. The first set of three bulbs is filled with solution to half of their capacity and second
set of another three bulbs is filled with the pure solvent. Each set is separately weighed
accurately. Both sets are connected to each other and then with the accurately weighed set of
guard tubes filled with anhydrous calcium chloride or some other dehydrating agents like
P2O5, conc. H2SO4 etc. The bulbs of solution and pure solvent are kept in a thermostat maintained at a constant temperature.
A current of pure dry air is bubbled through. The air gets saturated with the vapours in each set of
bulbs. The air takes up an amount of vapours proportional to the vapour pressure of the solution
first and then it takes up more amount of vapours from the solvent which is proportional to the
difference in the vapour pressure of the solvent and the vapour pressure of solution, i.e. p0 - ps. The
two sets of bulbs are weighed again. The guard tubes are also weighed.
Loss in mass(x) in the solution bulbs ∝ ps
Loss in mass(y) in the solvent bulbs ∝ (p0 - ps)
Total loss(x+y) in both sets of bulb ∝ [ps +(p0 - ps)]
What else can I help you with?
How do you describe the dissolving process as a result of random molecular motion?
In the dissolving process, the solute particles break apart and disperse into the solvent due to the random motion of molecules. This motion causes collisions between solute and solvent molecules, leading to a gradual mixing at the molecular level until the solute is evenly distributed throughout the solvent.
What is ebullioscopic constant?
The ebullioscopic constant is a proportionality constant that relates the lowering of the vapor pressure of a solvent to the concentration of solute particles in the solution. It is specific to each solvent and is used in calculating the change in boiling point of a solvent when a nonvolatile solute is added. The formula for calculating the change in boiling point (∆Tb) is ∆Tb = i * K * m, where i is the van't Hoff factor, m is the molality of the solution, and K is the ebullioscopic constant.
How do you explain dissolving?
Dissolving is a process where a solute (such as sugar or salt) breaks down into individual particles and mixes evenly with a solvent (such as water) to form a solution. This occurs at a molecular level as the solvent molecules surround and separate the solute particles. Dissolving is a physical change that can be reversed by evaporating the solvent, leaving behind the solute.
What are some example problems that demonstrate the application of Fick's Law?
Some example problems that demonstrate the application of Fick's Law include calculating the rate of diffusion of a gas through a membrane, determining the concentration gradient of a solute in a solution, and predicting the movement of molecules in a biological system.
What will be the solute potential and pressure potential of the cell at equillibrium?
At equilibrium, the solute potential of the cell will be equal to the solute potential of the surrounding solution, as there will be no net movement of water molecules. The pressure potential will also be equal to zero, as there will be no additional pressure exerted on the cell membrane. This balance of solute and pressure potentials at equilibrium ensures that there is no net movement of water into or out of the cell.
The presence of a nonvolatile solute will what the boiling point of a solvent?
RAISE
What is it called when the presence of a nonvolatile solute will do what to the boiling point of a solvent?
Boiling point elevation
What happens if you double the nonvolatile solute in a solution?
doubles the elevation change of the boling point
Doubling the amount of a nonvolatile solute in a solution?
A. doubles the elevation change of the boiling point
Adding a nonvolatile solute to water raises the blank and lowers the blank of the solution?
Failure at life
Adding a nonvolatile solute like antifreeze to the radiator of a car blank the concetration blank the freezing point?
increases, and lowers
A reduction of vapor pressure occurs with the addition of a nonvolatile solute to a solvent because?
There are fewer solvent molecules at the surface that can evaporate.
An aqueous solution containing a nonvolatile solute will boil above 100 celsius at 1 ATM pressure true or false?
True. The addition of a nonvolatile solute to a solvent increases the boiling point of the solution compared to the pure solvent. This is known as boiling point elevation, and it occurs due to the decrease in vapor pressure of the solution.
What is concentration in relation to Molecular Mass?
Concentration refers to the amount of a substance (solute) present in a given volume of solution, typically expressed in units like moles per liter (M). Molecular mass, on the other hand, is the mass of a single molecule of a substance, measured in grams per mole (g/mol). To calculate the concentration of a solution, the molecular mass is used to convert the mass of the solute into moles, enabling a relationship between the quantity of solute and the volume of the solution. Thus, understanding molecular mass is crucial for accurately determining and expressing concentration.
What is the relationship between molecular weight and freezing point depression?
The relationship between molecular weight and freezing point depression is that as the molecular weight of a solute increases, the freezing point depression also increases. This means that a higher molecular weight solute will lower the freezing point of a solvent more than a lower molecular weight solute.
What are the ways of determining solute from solvent in science?
solute is the solid while the solvent is the liquid.
What are the dissolved particles in a solution containing a molecular solute?
The dissolved particles in a solution containing a molecular solute are individual molecules of the solute. These molecules are dispersed and surrounded by the solvent molecules, forming a homogenous mixture.
