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Sound transmission is comprised of compression waves, and their speed is affected by the density of the medium through which they are traveling. Sound waves traveling through gas have the least resistance, and can be heard most clearly at near-distance. Without consistently dense conditions in which to sustain the wave, it loses strength and dissipates rapidly. Sound traveling through water can travel further than through gas, as the water is able to be pressurized, but not compressed, so the wave traveling in any direction is subject to the same environment, regardless of orientation. Humpback Whales in the Pacific Ocean communicate over vast distances through the sonic conductivity property of the water. Solids vary in sonic conductivity even moreso than gases, to the point that there are solids with a low density rate that slow soundwaves down to silence in extremely thin amounts, such as the half-inch soundproofing insulation for radio host booths in a local radio station. Additionally, the greater density of the substance, the higher conductivity property of sound. Iowa-Class submarines are steel-hulled ships designed for underwater operation, and one of the navigation and surveillance methods utilized on the ship is listening to sonic vibrations on the surface of the hull.

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