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The energy of the proton gradient in the mitochondria is used by ATP synthase to generate ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate through a process known as chemiosmosis. This ATP production is a key step in cellular respiration and provides the cell with the energy it needs to carry out its various functions.
What else can I help you with?
Does chemiosmosis expend energy?
No, chemiosmosis does not expend energy. Instead, it utilizes the energy stored in the form of a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis in processes such as oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria or photosynthesis in chloroplasts.
What does proton motive force produce?
Proton-motive forceThe force established by a proton gradient; the mechanism by which energy released in respiration reactions is stored before being converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP.
When a pair of electrons reaches the second electron carrier enough energy has been released to pump a proton from the stroma to what location?
The proton is pumped from the stroma across the thylakoid membrane, into the thylakoid lumen. This movement of protons creates a proton gradient that is used to generate ATP through chemiosmosis during photosynthesis.
What is the proxomite source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation?
The proximate source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gradient is established during the electron transport chain as electrons are passed along and protons are pumped across the membrane. The flow of protons back into the matrix through ATP synthase drives the production of ATP.
What is the energy given up by electrons as they move through the electron transport chain used for?
The energy given up by electrons as they move through the electron transport chain is used to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane to establish a proton gradient. This gradient is used by ATP synthase to generate ATP through a process called oxidative phosphorylation.
In photosynthesis what is the immediate source of energy used to produce a proton gradient?
The immediate source of energy used to produce a proton gradient in photosynthesis is light energy. Light energy is captured by chlorophyll within the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, where it drives the process that generates a proton gradient across the membrane.
In which form does a cell temporarily store the energy from electrons?
As a proton gradient
How is proton gradient established?
A proton gradient is established with an electron transport chain, where energy from electrons is donated from an high-energy source (such as food) to provide intracellular enzymes the energy to pump protons across an impermeable membrane in order to form a region with a high concentration of protons. Hope this helps! :)
How are proton pumps utilized in the process of photosynthesis?
Proton pumps are used in photosynthesis to create a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. This gradient is essential for the production of ATP, which is a key energy source for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
What forces hydrogen ions to flow through the F0 subunit?
The proton gradient across the membrane is the driving force that compels hydrogen ions to flow through the F0 subunit of the ATP synthase complex. This gradient creates a proton motive force that powers the rotation of the rotor in the F0 subunit, converting the proton flow energy into mechanical energy to produce ATP.
What enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of ATP using a proton gradient?
ATP synthase is the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of ATP using a proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane. It harnesses the energy stored in the proton gradient to drive the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP.
Where does a pair of electrons reaches the second electron carrier enough energy has been released to pump a proton from the stroma?
The pair of electrons reaches the cytochrome complex, where energy is released. This energy is used to pump a proton from the stroma into the thylakoid space against a concentration gradient, contributing to the proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis during photosynthesis.
What powers the proton gradient of positive ions in the stroma?
The proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane is powered by the flow of electrons from water to NADP+ during photosynthesis. This flow of electrons creates a proton gradient that drives ATP production through ATP synthase.
Is hydrogen gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane a cellular energy currency?
ATP molecules are essentially cellular energy currency. The hydrogen gradient (or proton gradient as it is technically called) is responsible for the functioning of a protein complex called ATP synthase which in turn is responsible for the synthesis of ATP molecules. Therefore, the proton gradient is the driving force for the synthesis of ATP molecules.
Does atp synthase change ADP to atp when light energy pass through it?
No, ATP synthase does not directly use light energy to convert ADP to ATP. ATP synthase uses the energy stored in the form of a proton gradient across a membrane to catalyze the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. Light energy is typically used in photosynthesis to generate this proton gradient in the chloroplast membrane.
The energy given up by electrons as they move through the electron transport chain is used to?
The energy given up by electrons as they move through the electron transport chain is used to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient. This proton gradient is then used to drive ATP synthesis by ATP synthase, producing ATP, the main energy currency of the cell.
What is responsible for pumping protons out of the mitochondrial matrix?
The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons on its own, so the energy of the proton gradient is stable. This means that energy is needed to make the protons go somewhere, thereby continuing the electron transport system.
