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If you mean the first person who actually demonstrated a nuclear fission reaction, it was Enrico Fermi. The first pile was built using graphite blocks as the moderator, at the University of Chicago, and went critical on Dec 2 1942, under Fermi's control.

Previous to this, many physicists had contributed to the theories about fission, including Fermi himself, but it had to be demonstrated. This first Chicago Pile-1 was the forerunner of the Hanford piles which were much larger and built to produce plutonium for the Manhattan Project.

Fermi was born in Italy, but emigrated to the US in 1938, largely because his wife was Jewish and he was afraid for her in the Fascist era. He became a US citizen in 1944.

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