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How do you describe orbital or shell?
A probabilistic function that describes the possible positions of one of the sets of electrons 'orbiting' the nucleus of an atom. For instance, the oxygen atom has two such shells, one consisting of a 'cloud' of two electrons and the other of six. The shapes of the density functions of individual electrons in these shells vary in shape depending on which shell is involved.
What is the difference between electron cloud and electron dot diagram?
Actually the terms orbitals and shells are NOT interchangeable. The electron shell refers to the distance away from the nucleus, with each addition of a shell adding more possibilities for electron placement. The orbitals are actually within each shell. This is proven through the fact that the shells and orbital capacities are not the same. For example, the first shell can hold 2 electrons, the second shell can hold 8, and the third shell can hold 18. The first orbital, s, can hold 2 electrons. The second orbital, p, can hold 6 electrons. The third oribital, d, can hold 10 electrons; therefore not being the same as the shells.
How are the electrons distributed around the nucleus of the atom?
Classically, the electrons are in fixed orbits around the nucleus and are equidistant from each other in the same orbit, because of electronic repulsion. Quantum mechanically, their locations and speed cannot be exactly determined simultaneously. The best way to describe the configuration is electron clouds and orbitals. Please see the related link. ============================
Can we change the direction of motion of electron in orbit?
We can bump the electron to a higher energy level, by shooting photons at it that have just the right energy. But if we try to look at it any closer than that ... to find out 'where' it is, what 'size' it is, what 'direction' it's going, or how 'fast', first of all, there's no way to do that without shooting photons at it which changes all of those things, but even worse than that, the electron doesn't even look like a little pellet to us, it looks like a wave!
What happens when an electron emits a photon?
When an electron absorbs a photon, the energy it gains can cause it to change orbitals. The result is ionization. The electron can then emit a photon in the process of "falling back" into its original orbit. Note that electrons won't absorb a photon that cannot give them enough energy to reach a higher orbital. There are no "half measures" in this aspect of quantum mechanics as electrons cannot be shifted "half way" to the next higher orbital. The proof of the pudding here is that we can use lasers of a given frequency to stimulate the electrons in orbit around given atoms. By knowing how much energy a certain electron needs to move to the next higher orbital, we can tune our laser to that photonic energy. Then when we point our laser at a bunch of these atoms, we'll see a bunch of electrons being kicked up to higher orbitals and then emitting photons to return to their previous orbital. There is a bit more to this, but the essentials are here, and are a first step to understanding the subtle ways photons and electrons interact.
Why do individual electron orbital look the way that they do?
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What is the difference between orbital notation and electron configuration?
In orbital notation, electron placement is represented by arrows within individual orbitals, while electron configuration represents the distribution of electrons among the orbitals in an atom or ion using a numerical system of energy levels. Orbital notation provides a visual representation of electron distribution within an atom or ion, while electron configuration provides a standardized way to express the distribution of electrons throughout an atom.
Why is it made the way it is made?
The columns are arranged by family as they all tend to react the same way. The rows are organized by the number of electron orbitals they have.
What is the relationship between bonding, antibonding, and nonbonding orbitals in molecular structures?
Bonding orbitals are formed when atomic orbitals overlap in a way that stabilizes the molecule. Antibonding orbitals are formed when atomic orbitals overlap in a way that destabilizes the molecule. Nonbonding orbitals are localized on individual atoms and do not participate in bonding interactions. These three types of orbitals play a crucial role in determining the overall structure and stability of a molecule.
What is the orientation of orbitals in bonding?
Orbitals in bonding are oriented in a way that allows for maximum overlap between the electron clouds. This overlap is crucial for the formation of strong covalent bonds. The orientation of orbitals can vary depending on the type of bonding, such as sigma or pi bonds.
Which of the subshells in the electron configuration of Hf behave as core orbitals?
The subshells of 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 4f act like core orbitals. This understanding of the configuration of the atom helps us to understand why electrons and atoms behave the way they do.
What is the noble gas configuration of boron?
The electron configuration of boron is: [He]2s2.2p1.
What is wrong with 1s22s22p63s23p64s24d104p6?
The electron configuration provided seems to be incorrect. The correct electron configuration for an element is based on the Aufbau principle, which governs the way electrons fill energy levels and sublevels. Double-check the electron configuration using the correct order of filling for orbitals.
What antibonding MO?
Antibonding molecular orbitals (MOs) are formed when atomic orbitals combine in such a way that there is a node between the nuclei, resulting in a decrease in electron density between the atoms. This leads to a higher energy state compared to bonding molecular orbitals, which stabilize the bond by increasing electron density between the nuclei. Electrons in antibonding MOs can weaken or prevent bond formation. Commonly, they are denoted with an asterisk (e.g., σ* or π*).
Why do anti bonding molecular orbitals are formed?
Anti-bonding molecular orbitals are formed due to destructive interference between atomic orbitals when they combine. This leads to a region of electron density with higher energy than the separate atomic orbitals, resulting in weak or no bonding. The presence of anti-bonding orbitals can destabilize a molecule and weaken its overall bond strength.
What electron configuration ends in 4d5?
Technetium (Tc)Long way: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d5Short way: [Kr] 5s2 4d5
Why are there no sp4 or sp5 hybrid orbitals in chemistry?
In chemistry, there are no sp4 or sp5 hybrid orbitals because the maximum number of hybrid orbitals that can be formed by combining s and p orbitals is four (sp3 hybridization). This is due to the limitations of the atomic orbitals and the way they combine to form hybrid orbitals.
