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Maybe yes, maybe no. Do you mean a capped bottle or an open bottle? Small bottle or large, just how high is 'high altitude' and what type of temperature are you at? There are certainly a lot of variables to consider.

If you simply took an open / empty bottle to high altitude (or even space) there is nothing inherent to the glass which would make it explode. If you sealed a bottle at sea level, (air pressure at sea level is about 15 lbs per square inch (psi) and took that into the vacuum of space, the bottle would then "feel" the 15 psi of internal pressure. Would that cause it to explode? Again, maybe yes, maybe no. Most bottles which hold Carbonated Beverages can hold 100psi or higher. A thick champaign bottle may hold significantly more than that, so they would be OK. However a designer perfume bottle or a twisty 'art glass' bottle which isn't designed to hold any pressure may break. Additionally because pressure is multiplied by area to get overall force, a small bottle may be OK while a large bottle may break. For a given pressure, the large bottle simply contains more force than a small bottle.

Additionally, with very high altitude comes low temperatures and/or high temperature gradients (very hot in the sun, very cold in shadow). These thermal stresses may cause a liquid in the bottle to freeze and rupture the bottle, or the bottle may break from the high thermal stresses.

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