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What are the theories of political environment?
Dependency theory: Focuses on the relationship between developed and developing countries, suggesting that underdevelopment in the Global South is a result of exploitation and dependency on the Global North. Modernization theory: Posits that societies progress from traditional to modern through stages of economic development, social change, and democratization. World-systems theory: Analyzes the global political economy as a system of core, semi-peripheral, and peripheral countries, emphasizing the structural inequalities and power dynamics between them.
Are core countries developing countries or developed countries?
Core countries are typically considered to be developed countries. These countries have high levels of industrialization, advanced technology, and high standards of living. They are often seen as the most economically powerful and influential countries in the global economy.
How relative is democracy?
Democracy is relative in the sense that its form and implementation can vary across different countries and contexts. Factors such as political culture, history, and socio-economic conditions can influence how democratic principles are practiced and upheld. While the core principles of democracy, such as popular sovereignty and political equality, are universal, their application may look different in each society.
Why would the Green Party be an ideological party?
The Green Party is considered an ideological party because it is guided by specific green ideologies centered on environmentalism, sustainability, social justice, and nonviolence. These core beliefs shape the party's policy positions and set it apart from more mainstream political parties.
What is the most important core democratic value?
Equality is widely regarded as one of the most important core democratic values. It emphasizes that all individuals should have equal rights, opportunities, and treatment under the law, regardless of their background or characteristics. This value is essential for promoting fairness, justice, and inclusivity in a democratic society.
What is a semi peripheral country?
Semi-peripheral country is domintaed by core countries; core country - dominate trade, powerful, wealthy. Peripheral countries- weak, poor, dependent. Semi-peripheral country is somewhere in between.
How do peripheral countries perpetuate their dependency on core countries?
Peripheral countries perpetuate their dependency on core countries by relying on them for technology, investment, and market access. This can lead to a situation where peripheral countries become specialized in producing raw materials or low value-added goods, which keeps them reliant on core countries to purchase their exports. Additionally, structural factors like unequal trade relationships and debt can also contribute to this dependency.
What is peripheral country?
countries that are not developed.
How dependency theory explains underdevelopment?
Dependency theory posits that underdevelopment in certain countries is perpetuated by the unequal power dynamics between core and peripheral nations in the global economy. Peripheral countries rely on core countries for investment, technology, and markets, leading to their dependency and inability to develop independently. This results in a cycle of exploitation, limited economic growth, and social inequality, which perpetuates underdevelopment in these nations.
Why do poorer peripheral countries usually have traditional governments?
it ensures the stability of such state, hence the primary objective here is not to move the country into a core state.
List characteristics associated with a peripheral region?
Peripheral regions often have limited access to resources, lack of infrastructure, lower levels of economic development, and lower population density. They may also experience isolation, marginalization, and dependence on core regions for goods and services.
What is Core Periphery by John Friedman?
J. Friedmann (1966) maintained that the world can be divided into four types of region. Beyond the cores are the upward transition regions-areas of growth spread over small centers rather than at a core. Development corridors are upward transition zones which link two core cities such as Belo Horizonte and Rio de Janeiro. The resource-frontier regions are peripheral zones of new settlement as in the Amazon Basin. The downward transition regions are areas which are now declining because of exhaustion of resources or because of industrial change. Many 'problem' regions of Europe are of this type. This concept may be extended to continents. The capital-rich countries of Germany and France attract labor from peripheral countries like Spain, Greece, Turkey, and Algeria. Higher wages and prices are found at the core while the lack of employment in the periphery keeps wages low there. The result may well be a balance of payments crisis at the periphery, or the necessity of increased exports from the periphery to pay for imports. In either case, development of the periphery is retarded.
What is peripheral vasoconstriction and how does it help to conserve heat?
Peripheral vasoconstriction is the narrowing of blood vessels in the body's extremities, reducing blood flow to these areas. This helps to conserve heat by redirecting warm blood to the body's core organs, where it is needed the most for maintaining core temperature.
Is china a semi-periphery country?
I think the consensus is that over the last 20 years or so China has gone from the periphery to semi-peripheral status. There are various ways to categorise countries, but the most important seems to be to do with how much profit (sometimes called value-added) is made on the kinds of economic processes that happen within them. So, to make aluminium, you first mine bauxite, which doesn't make much profit. This kind of activity tends to happen most in peripheral countries, so they stay relatively poor because they don't see much return on their economic activities. Processing the bauxite into aluminium, though, brings a bigger profit (because only so many countries have the technology, capital, skilled labour etc. to be able to to this, and so they have a relative monopoly) and these more highly profitable activities tend to happen in the core, meaning that core countries tend to get allocated a bigger share of the global surplus accruing from all world economic activity. Obviously, some lower profit activities happen in the core, and some higher profit processes in the periphery, but we are talking in terms of general trends here. Semi-peripheral economies don't usually do the kind of 'intermediate' jobs along the production chain, as you might think, but instead tend to have a diverse mixture of core-like industries and peripheral-like ones. China's economy is very much like this, so we call it semi-peripheral country. The difference between China and most semi-peripheral countries is that its particular history means it has a semi-peripheral economic structure, but it's social structure looks more like a peripheral country still (more peasant farmers and a smaller- though growing- urban working class). This means its wages are lower than most semi-peripheral countries and so it has a big advantage in production over most of the rest of the semi-periphery because it can produce goods much more cheaply.
What countries would be in the core periphery?
Countries in the core of the world-system typically include the United States, Japan, and Western European countries. Countries in the periphery are often located in Africa, Latin America, and parts of Asia, such as Cambodia or Bolivia. The classification of a country as core or periphery can change over time due to various economic and political factors.
What is the relevance of the core periphery theory to the development practitioner?
The core periphery theory highlights the unequal distribution of resources and power between core and peripheral regions. Development practitioners can use this theory to understand how economic activities and development initiatives may be concentrated in core areas, leading to disparities. By applying this knowledge, practitioners can design more targeted and effective interventions to promote balanced development and address inequalities between core and peripheral regions.
What are the advantages of the core-periphery?
Core-periphery structures can promote economic growth and specialization, leading to higher productivity in core regions and increased access to markets for peripheral regions. They can also facilitate the flow of knowledge, technology, and skills between regions, supporting overall development. However, there are risks of unequal development, with core regions often benefiting more than peripheral regions in terms of resources and opportunities.
