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While Joseph II of Austria is often regarded as an enlightened monarch due to his reforms, he also exhibited autocratic tendencies that contradicted Enlightenment ideals. He implemented sweeping changes without adequately consulting his subjects, such as the abolition of serfdom and the reform of the church, which led to resistance and unrest. His insistence on centralization and control over diverse ethnic groups often disregarded local customs and autonomy, undermining the Enlightenment principle of individual rights and self-governance. Thus, his approach reflects a complex interplay between enlightened intentions and authoritarian execution.

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