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From the end of the Old Testament period through the intertestamental and New Testament periods, the Middle East witnessed significant political shifts. Following the Babylonian Exile, the Persian Empire allowed the Jews to return and rebuild Jerusalem around 538 BCE. Subsequently, the region fell under Hellenistic influence after Alexander the great's conquest in the 4th century BCE, leading to the establishment of the Seleucid Empire. By the New Testament period, the area was under Roman control, with figures like Herod the Great ruling over Judea, setting the stage for the events of the life of Jesus and the early Christian church.

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Why is this intertestamental period of time important for understanding the New Testament?

This period is about 4 centuries. This time for Israel was a time of terrible oppression, invasion, and bloodshed. But as always through out the history of Israel there was a faithful remnant who guarded the "sacred oracles of God" - the old testament books of the Law, the Prophets and the Psalms - that had been gathered together by Ezra. The faithful remnant clung to these books and the hope of a coming deliverer, the long promised messiah. The Greek empire came first. The Greeks gave the world a universal language, the New Testament was written in Greek. The Greeks were followed by the Romans. They built roads so they could access their conquered territories. They established political and judicial unity. These roads later aided in the spreading of the gospel. These events set the scene for the New Testament period.


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How is the Old Testament related to the New Testament, and how is the concept of the New Testament concealed within the Old Testament?

The Old Testament and the New Testament are both parts of the Christian Bible. The Old Testament contains the religious texts of Judaism and sets the foundation for the teachings in the New Testament. The concept of the New Testament is concealed within the Old Testament through prophecies, symbols, and foreshadowing of the coming of Jesus Christ as the Messiah. The New Testament then fulfills these prophecies and teachings, providing a continuation and fulfillment of the promises made in the Old Testament.


What does the word testament mean in connection to the old and New Testament?

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How many direct quotations does the New Testament have from the Old testament?

There are about 294 quotations in the New Testament from the Old Testament. But of these you will seldom find exactly the same words in the two quotations because the Old Testament was written in Hebrew and the New Testament in Greek originally; and through many translations the words also change somewhat. There are also, besides these, about 633 allusions to Old Testament Scriptures in the New Testament.


Who does the Pentateuch in the Old Testament point to in the New Testament?

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